观赏植物修复城市铅污染土壤技术分析与展望  

Technical analysis and prospect of ornamental plant remediation of urban lead-contaminated soil

作　　者：陈国熙 周惠民 陈慧杰 陈双双 冯景 刘欣童 邓琳[1] 邓衍明[2,3] CHEN Guoxi;ZHOU Huimin;CHEN Huijie;CHEN Shuangshuang;FENG Jing;LIU Xintong;DENG Lin;DENG Yanming(School of Civil Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetics and Improvement of Horticultural Crops,Institute of Leisure Agriculture,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学土木工程学院,江苏南京211189 [2]江苏省农业科学院休闲农业研究所江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [3]北京林业大学林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《植物资源与环境学报》2025年第1期82-93,共12页Journal of Plant Resources and Environment

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(22)2035);江苏省林业发展专项资金项目(苏财资环[2024]37号)。

摘　　要：重金属铅(Pb)污染土壤问题威胁着城市土壤生态功能的发挥和人体健康,开展城市铅污染土壤治理具有重要意义。相较于物理和化学修复法的局限性,利用观赏植物修复城市铅污染土壤可在实现土壤铅减量化、恢复土壤生态功能的同时具备较好的景观效果,更适用于城市铅污染土壤的修复治理。本文论述了植物修复铅污染土壤的机制以及影响因子,并分析了观赏植物作为铅富集植物的优势及其应用于城市铅污染土壤修复可能存在的生长势弱、铅提取效率低等问题。为进一步强化植物修复效果,分别从植物-纳米材料、植物-化学药剂、植物-微生物和植物-基因工程4个方面比较了观赏植物联合修复铅污染土壤技术的主要优缺点及应用方式。本文展望了观赏植物修复城市铅污染土壤技术面临的挑战和未来研究方向,提出利用分子育种技术筛选与改良超富集观赏植物、研发联合修复技术并探索协同修复机制以实现可持续修复城市铅污染土壤的建议;此外,还应加大实地修复力度,打造修复成功案例,为城市铅污染土壤的修复提供科学依据。The issue of soil contamination by heavy metal lead(Pb)poses threats to the ecological functioning of urban soil and human health,and it is of great significance to carry out remediation of urban lead-contaminated soil.Compared to the limitations of physical and chemical remediation methods,the utilization of ornamental plants for the remediation of urban lead-contaminated soil can achieve soil lead reduction and restore soil ecological functions while also providing good landscape effects,and thus it is more suitable for the remediation and treatment of urban lead-contaminated soil.This article discusses the mechanisms and influencing factors of phytoremediation for lead-contaminated soil,and analyzes the advantages of ornamental plants as lead-accumulating plants,as well as potential issues such as weak growth vigor and low lead extraction efficiency in the remediation of urban lead-contaminated soil.To further enhance the effectiveness of phytoremediation,the major advantages,disadvantages,and application methods of ornamental plant combined remediation technologies for lead-contaminated soil are compared from four aspects,namely plant-nanomaterial,plant-chemical agent,plant-microorganism,and plant-genetic engineering.This article outlines the challenges and future research directions of ornamental plant remediation technologies for urban lead-contaminated soil,and proposes suggestions for screening and improving hyperaccumulator ornamental plants using molecular breeding technologies,developing combined remediation technologies,and exploring synergistic remediation mechanisms to achieve sustainable remediation of urban lead-contaminated soil;in addition,efforts should be intensified in conducting on-site remediation and creating successful remediation cases to provide scientific evidence for the remediation of urban lead-contaminated soil.

关 键 词：城市土壤 重金属 铅污染 观赏植物 植物修复 

分 类 号：Q948.116[生物学—植物学] S68[农业科学—观赏园艺] X53[农业科学—园艺学]