5-氨基乙酰丙酸对苹果花期冻害的缓解效应  

Alleviating Effect of 5-aminolevulinic Acid on Freezing Injury of Apple Flower Organs

作　　者：刘宇 赵紫嫣 赵先飞 于国康 张馨予 梁洁 谢宏伟 李雪薇[1] 张林森[1] LIU Yu;ZHAO Ziyan;ZHAO Xianfei;YU Guokang;ZHANG Xinyu;LIANG Jie;XIE Hongwei;LI Xuewei;ZHANG Linsen(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Qianyang Fruit Industry Development Center,Qianyang Shaanxi 721100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]千阳县果业发展中心,陕西千阳721100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2025年第1期92-104,共13页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-27);陕西省科技统筹创新工程项目(2015KJZDNY02-03-02)。

摘　　要：为了研究5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-ALA)对苹果花冻害的缓解作用。以‘富士’苹果花枝为试材,研究不同温度胁迫下(0℃、-2℃、-4℃和-6℃)不同5-ALA处理浓度(25 mg·L^(-1)、50 mg·L^(-1)、75 mg·L^(-1)和100 mg·L^(-1))对苹果花柱和子房冻害的缓解机制,喷清水为对照,测定了相对电导率、抗氧化酶活性等相关生理指标和相关抗性基因表达。结果表明,喷施25~75 mg·L^(-1)的5-ALA可降低-4℃~0℃的低温胁迫下苹果花柱和子房受冻害程度,与对照相比,喷施5-ALA明显缓减低温胁迫下子房冻害褐变程度,而喷施25~100 mg·L^(-1)的5-ALA还不能缓解-6℃对苹果花的冻害,花器官完全褐变死亡。-2℃胁迫时50 mg·L^(-1)的5-ALA处理过的苹果花器官MDA含量可降低32.16%,而SOD、CAT和POD活性增加了将近1倍;处理过的花朵相对电导率比对照降低8.7%,半致死温度也降低0℃~1.65℃。此外,与对照相比,5-ALA处理的苹果花器官中MdADF5、MdTLP1、MdMDL2、MdDREB3、MdGSTU17和MdEXPA1的表达量更高;而MdCRPK1的表达量更低。GO富集分析结果表明,大部分GO条目与代谢过程、催化活性和细胞壁有关;KEGG通路注释最多的DEGs分布在植物激素信号转导、MAPK信号通路、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸酯相互转化、苯丙烷类代谢和植物与病原体的相互作用等途径,提高了对苹果花期的低温胁迫抵抗能力。综上认为,在黄土高原地区花开放前喷施5-ALA对离体苹果花器官在-4℃~0℃冻害有一定缓解效果,效果显著的是25 mg·L^(-1)和50 mg·L^(-1),推荐结合其他花期防冻减灾措施推广使用。This study aims to study the alleviating effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid(5-ALA)on freezing injury in apple blossoms.Fuji apple flower branches were used as experimental materials to investigate the alleviating mechanism of different concentrations of 5-ALA treatments(25 mg·L^(-1),50 mg·L^(-1),75 mg·L^(-1) and 100 mg·L^(-1))under different temperature stresses(0℃,-2℃,-4℃and-6℃)on freezing damage to apple styles and ovaries.Water praying was used as a control,and physiological indicators such as relative conductivity,antioxidant enzyme activity,and expression of related resistance genes were measured.The results showed that spraying 25-100 mg·L^(-1) of 5-ALA did not alleviate the freezing injury of apple blossoms at-6℃.However,spraying 25 mg·L^(-1) to 75 mg·L^(-1) of 5-ALA reduced freezing damage to apple styles and ovaries under low temperature stress ranging from-4℃to 0℃.Compared with the control,spraying 5-ALA significantly alleviated frost damage and browning in flower column houses under low temperature stress.The malondialdehyde(MDA)content in apple flower organs treated with 5-ALA was reduced by 32.16%at-2℃,while the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and peroxidase(POD)nearly doubled.The relative conductivity of flowers treated with 5-ALA decreased by 8.7%compared to the control,and the semi lethal temperature decreased by 0℃-1.65℃.In addition,compared to the control,the expression levels of MdADF5,MdTLP1,MdMDL2,MdDREB3,MdGSTU17,and MdEXPA1 in apple flower organs treated with 5-ALA were higher,while expression level of MdCRPK1 was lower.The Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated that the most of the enriched GO terms were related to metabolic processes,catalytic activity,and membranes;the most annotated expressed genes(DEGs)in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway were distributed in plant hormone signal transduction,MAPK signaling pathway,starch and sucrose metabolism,pentose and glucuronic acid ester conversion,phenylpropanoid metabo

关 键 词：5-氨基乙酰丙酸 苹果花器官 低温胁迫 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S426[农业科学—园艺学]