黄腐酸对不同施氮水平下设施栽培番茄产量、品质和基质微生物的影响  

Effects of Fulvic Acid on Yield,Quality,and Substrate Microorganisms of Tomato Grown in Greenhouse under Different Nitrogen Application Levels

作　　者：王玉琪 梁颖 唐丽[2,3] 贾蓉 张泽锦 WANG Yuqi;LIANG Ying;TANG Li;JIA Rong;ZHANG Zejin(School of Geography and Resource Science,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610066,China;Horticulture Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610066,China;Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in the Southwest of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学地理与资源科学学院,成都610066 [2]四川省农业科学院园艺研究所,蔬菜种质与品种创新四川省重点实验室,成都610066 [3]农业农村部西南地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,成都610066

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2025年第1期113-122,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：“十四五”四川省蔬菜育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0022)。

摘　　要：为探究黄腐酸对不同施氮水平下设施栽培番茄产量、品质和基质微生物的影响,以番茄‘韩美亚’为材料,在基质栽培条件下分别设置低氮不添加黄腐酸(LNCK)、低氮添加黄腐酸(LNFA)、高氮不添加黄腐酸(HNCK)及高氮添加黄腐酸(HNFA)4个处理,分析不同处理番茄植株氮磷钾含量、氮磷钾吸收率和收获指数、基质微生物群落结构多样性及番茄产量、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量及糖酸比。结果表明:提高施氮水平可显著提高基质栽培番茄产量,在高氮素施用下添加黄腐酸的促进作用更为显著,使番茄单株果实产量和单位面积产量分别增加17.32%和17.30%,但显著降低番茄果实中可溶性固形物的含量;黄腐酸添加有助于促进低氮素施用下番茄对氮、磷、钾元素的吸收和利用以及高氮素施用下对氮元素和钾元素的吸收,磷元素的利用;黄腐酸对基质微生物的α多样性和β多样性有显著影响,添加黄腐酸可提高德沃斯氏菌属(Devosia)的相对丰度。PLS-PM分析表明,黄腐酸和氮素主要通过调节番茄植株的养分吸收利用、基质中微生物的丰富度、多样性和德沃斯氏菌属(Devosia)相对丰度,间接影响番茄产量和品质。因此,在基质栽培番茄能够正常生长的氮素浓度范围内,根灌黄腐酸是既不影响番茄品质又能提升番茄产量的有效措施。This studyinvestigates the effects of humic acid on yield,quality,and substrate microorganisms of tomato grown under different nitrogen application levels.The tomato‘Hanmeiya’was cultivated using a substrate system with and without addition of fulvic acid at low(6 mmol·L-1)and high(12 mmol·L-1)nitrogen levels.And the yield and quality,nutrient absorption rate and harvest index,and substrate microorganisms of tomato were investigated.The results showed that increasing nitrate concentration was beneficial for improving tomato yield.Fulvic acid addition promoted tomato yield,especially under high nitrate level,by 17.32%per plant and 17.30%per unit area,but significantly decreased the content of total soluble solids in tomato fruit.The addition of fulvic acid promoted the absorption and utilization of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium under low nitrate application,nitrogen and potassium absorption and phosphorus utilization under high nitrate application.Bacterialα-andβ-Diversity significantly changed and the relative abundance of Devosia increased with fulvic acid application.PLS-PM analysis indicated that increasing nitrate level and fulvic acid application improved tomato yield and quality indirectly via promoting nutrient absorption and utilization in tomato plants and increasing bacterial richness and diversity and relative abundance of Devosia.These results demonstrate that root irrigation with fulvic acid under appropriate nitrogen conditions is an effective measure for enhancing tomato yield without compromising fruit quality.

关 键 词：黄腐酸 氮素 番茄产量及品质 无土栽培 基质微生物 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]