不同生长阶段胡杨树离子分布、吸收和运移特征及其与土壤盐分的关系  

Populus euphratica Ion Distribution,Absorption and Transport Characteristics at Different Growth Stages and Its Relationship with Soil Salinity

作　　者：王杰[1] 黄文娟[1,2] 姚诗雨 彭承志 宋双飞 WANG Jie;HUANG Wenjuan;YAO Shiyu;PENG Chengzhi;SONG Shuangfei(College of Life Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar Xinjiang 843300,China;Key Laboratoy of Protection and Uiization of Biological Resources in Tarim Bas,Xininjiang Production and Construction Corps,Alar Xinjiang 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用省部共建国家重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2025年第1期140-152,共13页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：“兵团英才”第二周期人才项目(BRFW2101);塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室开放课题项目。

摘　　要：为探讨胡杨适应盐渍环境的生理机制,探究不同生长阶段胡杨各器官离子分布与土壤离子的关系。以不同生长阶段的胡杨为试材,采用对幼苗、幼木、近熟木及过熟木的各器官离子含量进行分析比较方法,并通过各离子含量研究了胡杨各器官对土壤离子的选择性吸收、分布以及运输特征,以期了解土壤离子对胡杨不同生长阶段的影响。结果表明:(1)随着胡杨生长发育阶段的变化,胡杨各器官中的Na^(+)、Cl^(-)、HCO_(3)^(-)、Ca^(2+)含量普遍增加,而K^(+)、Mg^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)含量则呈现出不同变化趋势。这表明胡杨通过调节各离子之间的平衡来维持生理稳定。(2)胡杨各发育阶段的Na^(+)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Cl^(-)主要分布在叶片和根系中,而Mg^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、HCO_(3)^(-)则在不同器官间有所差异。这说明胡杨通过不同器官的离子分配来提高盐分排除或耐受能力。(3)胡杨各发育阶段,离子由根系向叶片运输的过程中,运输能力也存在差异,其中幼苗和幼木具有较强的K^(+)吸收和运输能力,而近熟木和成熟木则具有较强的Ca^(2+)运输能力。说明胡杨在不同生长阶段对不同离子的需求和利用程度不同,增强对盐渍环境的适应性,形成了适应逆境的离子调节机制。To explore the physiological mechanism of P.euphratica for adapting to the saline environment and the relationship between the ion distribution of each organ of P.euphratica and soil ions at different growth stages,we used P.euphratica as the experimental material and utilized a method to analyze and compare the ion content of each organ of seedlings,young wood,near-mature wood,and over-mature wood.The selective uptake,distribution and transport characteristics of soil ions by various organs of P.euphratica were investigated through the content of each ion.The aim was to understand the effect of soil ions on P.euphratica at different growth stages.The results showed that:(1)with the change of growth and development stage of P.euphratica,the contents of Na^(+),Cl^(-),HCO_(3)^(-)and Ca^(2+)in organs of P.euphratica generally increased,while the contents of K^(+),Mg^(2+)and SO_(4)^(2-)showed different trends.This indicates that P.maintains physiological stability by regulating the balance between the ions.(2)Na^(+),K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Cl^(-)at various developmental stages of Populus were mainly distributed in leaves and roots,while Mg^(2+),SO_(4)^(2-)and HCO_(3)^(-)were different among different organs.P.euphratica improves salt exclusion or tolerance through ion distribution in different organs.(3)In the process of ion transport from root to leaf at each stage of development of P.euphratica,there were also differences in transport capacity,among these,seedlings and young wood exhibited strong K^(+)absorption and transport capacity,while near-mature wood and mature wood exhibited strong Ca^(2+)transport capacity.In conclusion,the results reflect the demand and utilization degree of different ions in different growth stages,enhancing the adaptability to the saline environment and forming an ion regulation mechanism to adapt to adverse conditions.

关 键 词：胡杨 离子分布 离子吸收 离子运输 土壤盐渍化 

分 类 号：S792.11[农业科学—林木遗传育种]