美国法域外适用的司法运行机制  

The Judicial Mechanism of the Extraterritorial Application of U.S. Law

作　　者：王腾 余为青 WANG Teng;YU Wei-qing(School of Law,Fuyang Normal University,Fuyang Anhui 236037,China)

机构地区：[1]阜阳师范大学法学院,安徽阜阳236037

出　　处：《铜陵学院学报》2024年第6期77-83,共7页Journal of Tongling University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“推进涉外法治背景下中国法域外适用的制度构建研究”(21BFX156);阜阳师范大学校级人文社科研究项目“新时代国际法治的变革路径研究——以国内法治与国际法治的动态协调为视角”(2022FSSF37)。

摘　　要：为深入探究美国法域外适用的司法运行机制,应对我国公民和企业因美国“长臂管辖”及域外适用而面临的合规与法律风险,维护其合法权益、完善我国涉外法治体系。文章综合案例分析法剖析诸多美国判例,从裁判管辖权、反域外适用推定、司法审查等层面研究司法实践。结合文献研究法梳理相关文献法规,经归纳演绎构建分析框架,挖掘内在规律。裁判管辖权中,对人管辖权标准细化趋严,事项管辖权依联邦法界定并受法院审查。法律未明确域外适用时,可要求法院运用反域外适用推定划定地域范围;若已明确,可主张法院对制定法进行违宪审查,以及对行政机构行为进行司法审查。In order to deeply explore the judicial operation mechanism of the extraterritorial application of American law,respond to the compliance and legal risks faced by Chinese citizens and enterprises due to the"long-arm jurisdiction"and extraterritorial application of the United States,safeguard their legitimate rights and interests,and improve China's foreign-related legal system,the article comprehensively uses the case analysis method to analyze numerous American judicial precedents,and studies judicial practice from aspects such as adjudicatory jurisdiction,the presumption against extraterritoriality,and judicial review.Combined with the literature research method,it intends to sort out relevant literature and regulations and to build an analysis framework through induction and deduction and to explore internal laws.In adjudicatory jurisdiction,the standards for personal jurisdiction have been refined and become stricter,and subject-matter jurisdiction is defined according to federal laws and reviewed by the court.When the extraterritorial application is not clearly stipulated by law,the court can be required to apply the presumption against extraterritoriality to define the territorial scope;if it is clearly provided,the court can be advocated to conduct unconstitutional review of the statute and judicial review of the actions of administrative agencies.

关 键 词：美国法 域外适用 管辖权 司法运行 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]