我国深空探测器减速着陆技术发展  

Development of Deceleration and Landing Technology for China’s Deep Space Probes

作　　者：包文龙 贾贺[1] 蒋伟[1] 荣伟[1] 包进进[1] 鲁媛媛[1] 刘大海[1] 江长虹[1] 李健[1] BAO Wenlong;JIA He;JIANG Wei;RONG Wei;BAO Jinjin;LU Yuanyuan;LIU Dahai;JIANG Changhong;LI Jian(Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2024年第6期140-148,共9页Spacecraft Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12072377)。

摘　　要：探月工程和行星探测工程推动了我国深空探测器减速着陆技术的发展,形成了以开伞载荷非均衡设计方案、超声速锯齿形盘缝带伞为代表的技术成果。文章从技术指标、系统组成、工作程序、气动减速方案、试验验证等方面,论述了我国探月工程和行星探测工程中深空探测器减速着陆技术的研发及其应用情况,包括探月三期再入返回飞行试验器、嫦娥五号、嫦娥六号及天问一号。展望后续深空探测任务,建议发展大载重群伞减速技术,满足载人登月探测的大载重返回舱回收需求;发展高超声速充气展开装置减速技术和低密度超声速大载重减速技术,满足火星取样返回任务低密度环境下大载重减速需求;发展适用于极端环境的地外天体长航时漂浮技术,满足金星探测任务大气原位浮空探测需求。The lunar and planetary exploration programs have propelled the advancement of deceleration and landing technologies for deep space probes in China,resulting in technological achievements represented by unbalance opening load and supersonic sawtooth disk-gap-band parachutes.This paper discusses the research and application status of deceleration and landing technologies for deep space probes in China's lunar and planetary exploration programs from aspects such as technical specification,system composition,working procedures,aerodynamic deceleration scheme and test verification.This paper covers the return and reentry spacecraft of the 3rd phase China lunar exploration program,Chang'e-5,Chang'e-6 and Tianwen-1.Looking forward to the subsequent deep space exploration missions,it is suggested that large-load clustered parachute deceleration technology be developed to meet the recovery requirements of large-load return module for manned lunar exploration.Hypersonic inflatable entry decelerator technology and low-density supersonic large-load deceleration technology should be developed to satisfy the needs of large load deceleration under low-density environment for Mars sample return missions.Long-duration floating technology for extreme environments should be developed to meet the in-situ atmospheric floating detections required for Venus exploration missions.

关 键 词：月球探测 行星探测 减速着陆技术 应用发展 

分 类 号：V476.4[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]