安大简《仲尼曰》“古之学者自为”析义  

Interpretation of"Gu zhi xue zhe zi wei"(古之学者自为)in Zhongni Yue(仲尼曰)of the Anda Manuscripts

作　　者：陈楚玥 CHEN Chuyue(Institute of Chinese Linguistics and Philology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学汉语言文献研究所,重庆400715

出　　处：《绵阳师范学院学报》2025年第1期143-148,共6页Journal of Mianyang Teachers' College

基　　金：西南大学创新团队项目“古文字与出土文献研究”(SWU2009108)。

摘　　要：学界对安大简《仲尼曰》“古之学者自为”之“自为”存在两种理解:一种是“自己做”;另一种是“为自己”。“自己做”与下文的“为人”不能形成对比,与原文古今对比的言说方式不契合;“为自己”与“为人”的旨归都是实现一己私利,与孔子思想不符。然而,“为自己”的内涵除了满足私利的物质层面外,还包含追求道德圆满的精神层面。从孔子思想和《仲尼曰》“自为”与“为人”的对举来看,“古之学者自为”显然倾向于道德圆满。战国时代兴起的黄老思想较多使用、讨论“自为”,并将其视为人性。《仲尼曰》的传抄者可能受其影响,加之“自为”“为己”意义相近,遂产生了错讹。In academic circles,there are two interpretations of"zi wei"(自为)in"Gu zhi xue zhe zi wei"(古之学者自为),meaning"doing by oneself"and"doing for oneself"respectively."Doing by oneself"fails to con⁃trast itself with the following"wei ren"(为人),or make the past comply to the present in terms of speaking ways."Doing for oneself"shares the ultimate goal of achieving selfish interests with"wei ren"(为人),which deviates from Confucianism.However,"doing for oneself"includes not only the materialistic aspect of satisfying personal interests,but also the spiritual dimension of striving for moral fulfillment.Given Confucianism and the parallel mentioning of"zi wei"(自为)and"wei ren"(为人)in Zhongni Yue,"Gu zhi xue zhe zi wei"(古之学者自为)is likely to stand for moral fulfillment.Moreover,"zi wei"(自为)was more frequently used and discussed,and deemed as part of human nature in the Huang-Lao Thought prevalent during the Warring States period.Such a influence might have caused transcribers of Zhongni Yue to make mistakes about"zi wei"(自为)and"wei ji"(为己),which are similar in meaning.

关 键 词：《仲尼曰》 《论语》 “自为” “为己” 黄老思想 

分 类 号：K852[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]