单洞双线铁路隧道紧急救援站火灾烟气特性研究  

Study on Fire Smoke Characteristics of Emergency Rescue Station in Single-Hole,Double-Track Railway Tunnel

作　　者：孙建春 张敏[1] 向龙 杨轲清 SUN Jianchun;ZHANG Min;XIANG Long;YANG Keqing(School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500;Sichuan Engineering Technological Research Centre for Security and Efficient Utilisation of Fuel Gas,Chengdu 610500;Sichuan Highway Planning,Survey,Design and Research Institute Ltd.,Chengdu 610041)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学土木工程与测绘学院,四川成都610500 [2]四川省燃气安全与高效利用工程技术研究中心,四川成都610500 [3]四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司,四川成都610041

出　　处：《防灾减灾工程学报》2024年第6期1398-1407,共10页Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering

摘　　要：以某典型高海拔单洞双线铁路隧道紧急救援站为依托,通过FDS较系统地研究了不同排烟量和自然风情形下,隧道内发生火灾时的烟气蔓延、温度及能见度分布规律,得到了最佳机械排烟量推荐值,并为人员逃生及烟气控制提供建议。研究结果表明:当存在自然风时,自然排烟时有部分烟气进入联络通道,不利于人员逃生;机械排烟时,随着排烟量的增大,烟气蔓延距离明显缩短,但隧道拱顶温度降低幅度较小;当排烟量取为300 m~3/s时,无论是否存在自然风,隧道特征高度处温度均低于60℃,能见度均大于10 m,且烟气主要集中在隧道顶部并与下层空气分界明显,人员疏散可处于安全状态。人员逃生建议:无自然风时,人员从有联络排烟道一侧疏散通道或就近疏散通道逃生;控烟策略:建议引入适量的纵向机械送风,方向从无联络排烟道一侧吹向有联络排烟道一侧,有利于缩短烟气的流动长度,为人员逃生创造更有利的条件,考虑关闭离火源位置较远的排烟风机,提高整个排烟系统的排烟效率。Based on a typical high-altitude single-hole,double-track railway tunnel emergency rescue station,the smoke spread,temperature,and visibility distribution of fire in a tunnel under different smoke extraction volumes and natural wind conditions were systematically studied using FDS.The recommended value for the optimal mechanical smoke extraction volume was obtained,and sugges-tions for personnel escape and smoke control were provided.The results showed that when there was natural wind,some smoke entered the communication passage during natural smoke extraction,which was not conducive to personnel escape.During mechanical smoke extraction,as the smoke ex-traction volume increased,the smoke spread distance was significantly reduced,but the reduction in the tunnel vault temperature was limited.When the smoke extraction volume was set to 300 m³/s,re-gardless of the presence of natural wind,the temperature at the characteristic height of the tunnel was below 60℃,the visibility was greater than 10 meters,and the smoke was mainly concentrated at the top of the tunnel,with a clear boundary between it and the lower layer of air,making personnel evacu-ation possible in a safe condition.Suggestions for personnel escape:When there is no natural wind,personnel should escape through the passage with a communication smoke extraction duct or the near-est evacuation passage.Smoke control strategy:It is recommended to introduce an appropriate amount of longitudinal mechanical ventilation,blowing from the side without a smoke extraction duct to the side with one,which helps shorten the smoke spread length and creates more favorable conditions for personnel escape.Consider shutting down the smoke extraction fans located farther from the fire source to improve the efficiency of the entire smoke extraction system.

关 键 词：高海拔铁路隧道 救援站 隧道安全 烟气特性 FDS 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]