易地迁建中“大娘”的性别身份与生计重构——以黄河滩S安置社区农村老年妇女的经济实践策略为例  

Gender Identity and Livelihood Reconstruction of“DaNiang”in Relocation Projects:Economic Strategies of Rural Elderly Women in S Resettlement Community on Yellow River Beach Area

作　　者：闫红红 郭燕平 YAN Hong-hong;GUO Yan-ping(School of Law,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;Department of Journalism and Communication,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学法学院,山东淄博255000 [2]华南师范大学新闻传播系,广东广州510631

出　　处：《山东女子学院学报》2025年第1期15-27,共13页Journal of Shandong Women's University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“农村妇女自组织能力提升的社会工作实践研究”(项目编号:21BSH129)。

摘　　要：黄河滩区迁建等移民搬迁民生工程能有效帮助群众走出发展的困境,但移民安置后面临的生计冲击亦不容小觑。学界对移民搬迁后的生计状况及政策支持已作出详尽的探讨,然而相关研究往往缺乏性别研究的视角,也较少考察移民如何发挥自身能动性来应对生计的变化和重构日常生活。以黄河滩区居民迁建项目作为背景,聚焦鲁西北S外迁安置社区老年妇女这一常被认为处于弱势地位的群体,分析她们如何运用各种性别化策略应对安置后生计危机的。研究发现,一方面,在移民安置后的日常生活实践中,农村老年妇女既会通过展演“弱势的女性气质”与基层干部进行利益协商,也会及时切换自身性别角色,成为重建家庭生活的主导者;但另一方面,受制于“贤妻良母”、隔代抚养“代母职”等性别身份想象,她们只能在繁重的家务和看护劳动的缝隙打着各式零工帮补家计。通过照见农村老年妇女应对生活困难的非凡韧性,不仅可呈现出移民安置这一特定情境下女性主体性的具体实践经验,还可勾勒出移民搬迁中性别身份认同与经济实践相互作用的复杂路径。Relocation projects can effectively help the masses getting out of the predicament of development,but the impact on livelihood after resettlement cannot be underestimated.Existing researches have made detailed discussions on livelihood conditions and policy support to farmers after relocation,but relevant studies are often lack of the gender perspective and rarely explore how farmers use their own initiatives to cope with livelihood changes and reconstruction in daily lives.Based on the relocation project of residents in the Yellow River beach area,this paper focuses on the elderly women who are often considered to be vulnerable group living in a community in northwest Shandong Province,and analyzes how they utilize various gender strategies to cope with the livelihood crisis after resettlement.The research finds that,on one hand,in daily lives after resettlement,the rural elderly women can not only negotiate with grassroot cadres for economic benefits by displaying“weak femininity”,but also timely switch their gender roles and become the leader in rebuilding family lives.On the other hand,subject to the gender identity imagination of“good wife and mother”and“mother substitute when raising grandchildren”,the rural elderly women can only do a variety of odd jobs to rebuild family livelihood in the gap between heavy housework and caring for children.This study shows the extraordinary resilience of rural elderly women in coping with life difficulties,presents the concrete practical experience of female subjectivity under the specific context of resettlement,even outlines the complex path of interaction between gender identity and economic practice in relocation.

关 键 词：农村老年妇女 易地迁建 性别身份 性别展演 生计重构 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]