中国家庭婚姻支付的变动趋势、城乡差异与地区模式(1978—2018)  

Marriage Payment in Chinese Families(1978—2018):Trends,Urban-Rural Differences,and Regional Patterns

作　　者：王尚慧 WANG Shang-hui(Fudan Institute on Ageing,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学老龄研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《山东女子学院学报》2025年第1期105-119,共15页Journal of Shandong Women's University

摘　　要：基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据库中涉及婚姻支付的数据,对改革开放40年来(1978—2018年)中国家庭婚姻支付的变动趋势、城乡差异和地区模式进行了分析。结果显示,城镇地区彩礼和嫁妆的发展比农村地区更为均衡,城镇地区彩礼和嫁妆上涨趋势基本一致,而农村地区2000年以后彩礼增长速度远超嫁妆,农村地区彩礼快速增长给家庭带来的经济负担大于城市地区。根据各地区城乡的彩礼金额和彩礼与嫁妆的比值,用K-means聚类分析方法分别划分26个地区的城镇和农村婚姻支付模式,可将婚姻支付模式划分为“非均衡式高彩礼”“非均衡式中等彩礼”“均衡式中等彩礼”和“均衡-非均衡式低彩礼”“均衡式高彩礼”(城市地区独有)5种类型。不同婚姻支付模式中的彩礼和嫁妆给家庭带来的经济负担不同,未来应从彩礼与嫁妆并行的角度分析“天价”彩礼的成因。Drawing on the China Health and Aging Tracking Survey(CHARLS)database,the trends,urban-rural differences and regional patterns of marriage payments in Chinese households over the past 40 years of reform and opening up(1978-2018)were analyzed.The results showed that,first,the growth rate of brideprice and dowry in urban areas was more balanced than in rural areas,and the rising trends of brideprice and dowry in urban areas were basically the same,whereas the growth rate of brideprice in rural areas was much faster than that of dowry after 2000,and the rapid growth of brideprice in rural areas had brought a greater economic burden to families than in urban areas.Then,according to the amount of brideprice and the ratio of brideprice to dowry in urban and rural areas,K-means cluster analysis was used to classify the marriage payment patterns of urban and rural areas in 26 regions,and the marriage payment patterns were categorized into five types:“Unbalanced High Brideprice”,“Unbalanced Medium Brideprice”,“Balanced Medium Brideprice”,“Balanced-Unbalanced Low Brideprice”,and“Balanced High Brideprice”(unique to urban areas).The results showed that the brideprice and dowry in different marriage payment patterns imposed different economic burdens on families,and the brideprice and the dowry should be analyzed in parallel to reveal the causes of“overpriced”brideprice.

关 键 词：婚姻支付 彩礼 嫁妆 城乡差异 

分 类 号：C913.13[经济管理]