甘蔗渣灰与石灰配施对酸化土壤的改良及玉米植株生长的影响  

Effects of Bagasse Ash and Lime Combined Application on Acidified Soil Improvement and Maize Plant Growth

作　　者：江涛 常再艳 刘思汝 马海洋[1] 刘亚男[1] 石伟琦[1] 宋书会 JIANG Tao;CHANG Zaiyan;LIU Siru;MAHaiyang;LIU Yanan;SHIWeiqi;SONG Shuhui(Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Nutrition of Hainan province,South Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524091;College of Tropical Crops of Yunnan Agricultural University Pu’er,Yunnan 665000)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,海南省热带作物营养重点实验室,广东湛江524091 [2]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《现代农业研究》2025年第1期1-10,共10页Modern Agriculture Research

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划“耕地土壤酸化绿色防控技术研究与示范”(项目编号:2023B0202010027);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项“长期外源碳投入下热区砖红壤有机质提升的演变规律及调控机制定位监测”(项目编号:1630062024013)。

摘　　要：【目的】以热带酸性砖红壤为研究对象,在有机肥代替部分化学氮肥的基础上配施甘蔗渣灰与生石灰,探索其对土壤酸化的改良作用。【方法】采用盆栽与大田试验相结合的方式开展研究,盆栽试验设置处理1:甘蔗渣灰与生石灰用量比为1∶1(L1B1);处理2:甘蔗渣灰与生石灰用量比为1∶2(L1B2);处理3:甘蔗渣灰与生石灰用量比为1∶4(L1B4);施用纯化学肥料氮磷钾的处理为对照(CK)。分别在玉米生长的苗期、拔节期、孕穗期、灌浆期、成熟期测量玉米生理生长状况,探讨生石灰和甘蔗渣灰的最佳比例和最优选择。同时开展田间试验,以纯化学肥料氮磷钾为对照(NPK),设置处理1:有机肥替代30%化学氮肥(M30),处理2:在30%有机替代的基础上配施甘蔗渣灰+生石灰(M30LB),在收获期测定土壤各项理化性质。【结果】(1)盆栽试验L1B1处理表现最佳,较CK组可提升玉米植株最大叶长11.05%、最大叶宽17.46%、冠幅27.55%、株高28.24%;提升土壤pH值1.41个单位、土壤速效磷8.36%、碱解氮75.00%、交换性钙离子含量1.08倍;(2)大田实验M30LB处理(70%NPK+有机肥+甘蔗渣灰+石灰)对土壤酸化改良效果最佳,同对照组(100%NPK)相比pH值提高了1.68个单位,土壤碱解氮提升44.45%;有机质含量提升20.07%,速效磷含量提升40.81%,硝态氮含量下降26.06%;(3)主成分分析显示土壤团聚体、速效磷、有机质和硝态氮对土壤改良效果影响相对较大、反馈效果更加明显。土壤pH值变化与土壤有机质、速效磷、>0.25 mm团聚体、交换性钙离子、土壤碱解氮之间存在正相关性;与土壤硝态氮、<0.053 mm团聚体之间存在负相关性。【结论】(1)在甘蔗灰施用量为10 g/kg的前提下,生石灰的使用量在2.5 g/kg~10 g/kg均有利于玉米植株的生长和土壤养分的提高,且对于土壤pH值的提升也较为迅速;(2)农业生产上生石灰与甘蔗渣灰的比例以1∶2左右为宜;(3)甘蔗渣与生石[Objective]Apply tropical acid brick red soil with sugarcane bagasse ash and quicklime on the basis of replacing some chemical nitrogen fertilizer to explore the improvement effect of soil acidification.[Methods]The study was conducted by combining pot and field test,pot experiment set treatment 1:bagasse ash∶quicklime-1∶1(L1B1).treatment 2:bagasse ash∶quicklime-1∶2(L1B2).treatment 3:bagasse ash∶quicklime-1∶4(L1B4).treatment of pure chemical fertilizer as control(CK).The physiological growth of maize was measured at the seedling,jointing,booting,filling and maturity stages of maize growth,and the optimal proportion and optimal choice of quicklime and bagasse ash were explored.At the same time,field experiments were carried out,with pure chemical fertilizer nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium as the control(NPK),treatment 1:organic fertilizer replacing 30% chemical nitrogen fertilizer(M30),treatment 2:bagasse ash+quicklime(M30LB)was applied on the basis of 30% organic replacement,and the physical and chemical properties of soil were measured during the harvest.[Results](1)L1B1 treatment,compared with CK group,the maximum leaf length 11.05%,maximum leaf width 17.46%,crown width 27.55% and plant height 28.24%;Improve soil pH 1.41 units,soil rapid phosphorus 8.36%,alkali nitrogen 75.00%,exchangeable calcium ion content 1.08 times.(2)Field experiment M 30 LB treatment(70%NPK+organic fertilizer+bagasse ash+lime)had the best effect on soil acidification improvement,Increase in pH by 1.68 units from the control group(100%NPK),Soil alkali and nitrogen solution increased by 44.45%.The organic matter content was increased by 20.07%,The content of quick-acting phosphorus was increased by 40.81%,Nitro nitrogen content decreased by 26.06%.(3)Principal component analysis shows that soil aggregate,quick-acting phosphorus,organic matter and nitrate nitrogen have a relatively large impact on soil improvement effect,and the feedback effect is more obvious.There was a positive correlation between soil pH changes and soil o

关 键 词：甘蔗渣灰 石灰 有机肥 土壤酸化 玉米生长 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]