秸秆还田配施菌剂对冻融期土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响综述  

Effects of Straw Returning to Field Combined with Bacterial Application on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Enzyme Activities Freeze-thaw Cycling

作　　者：穆英贤 李富[1] MU Yingxian;LI Fu(College of Science,Jiamusi University Jiamusi,Heilongjiang 154007)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯大学理学院,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《现代农业研究》2025年第1期11-17,共7页Modern Agriculture Research

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项项目“反旋式秸秆还田装备研发及还田土壤监测平台构建”(项目编号:ZYYD2022JMS005);黑龙江省经济社会发展重点研究课题“关于黑龙江省黑土地“薄、瘦、硬”的治理对策建议”(项目编号:22207);黑龙江省基本科研业务费项目“粮食安全视角下我省黑土地保护研究团队”(项目编号:2023-KYYWF-0642)。

摘　　要：中国东北土壤由于多年高强度垦殖及自然因素影响,土壤养分不断流失,质量持续下降,严重影响我国农业可持续发展。农作物秸秆中含有丰富的养分,对土壤修复以及土壤有机碳的形成具有重要作用。除此之外,秸秆还田腐解还能够进一步激发土壤微生物的活性,尤其是土壤酶的分泌。秸秆还田在改善土壤结构、提高土壤有机碳含量等方面的重要意义使它成为当前的研究热点。然而受低温和冻融作用的影响,农作物秸秆腐解速率缓慢,低温菌剂作为生物处理相较于常规物理、化学方法具有成本低、效率高、操作简便、无二次污染的特点,用科学有效的理论和方法指导秸秆配施菌剂还田工艺,对保障粮食安全、实施“藏粮于技”战略、实现三江平原农业现代化及可持续发展意义重大。深入分析以上问题,为作物秸秆科学还田提供科学参考。Due to the influence of high intensity reclamation in northeast China for many years and natural factors,soil nutrients are constantly lost and the quality continues to decline,which seriously affects the sustainable development of agriculture in China.Crop straw is rich in nutrients,which plays an important role in soil remediation and the formation of soil organic carbon.In addition,straw returning to the field can also further stimulate the activity of soil microorganisms,especially the secretion of soil enzymes.The significance of straw returning in improving soil structure and improving soil organic carbon content makes it a current research hotspot.However under the influence of low temperature and thawing,crop straw rot rate is slow,low temperature bacterial agent as biological treatment compared with conventional physical and chemical methods with low cost,high efficiency,simple operation,no characteristics of secondary pollution,with scientific and effective theory and method to guide the straw with bacteria agent returning technology,to ensure food security,implement the strategy of"grain in technology",realize sanjiang plain agricultural modernization and sustainable development is of great significance.In-depth analysis of the above problems,to provide scientific reference for crop straw scientific returning to the field.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 有机碳 土壤理化性质 土壤酶活性 低温菌剂 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]