纯电汽车电池仓结构安全性分析及其优化  

Structural safety analysis and optimization of battery pack for battery electric vehicles

作　　者：赖奕骏 阎秋生[1] 洪富贵 冯佳雄 张宁[1,3] LAI Yjun;YAN Qiusheng;HONG Fugui;FENG Jiaxiong;ZHANG Ning(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong Province,510006,China;Guangdong Hongteo Precision Technology(Taishan)Co.,Ltd.,Taishan,Guangdong Province,529262,China;Guangzhou Automobile Engineer Institute,Guangzhou,Guangdong Province,511434,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学机电工程学院,广东广州510006 [2]广东鸿特精密技术(台山)有限公司,广东台山529262 [3]广汽研究院,广东广州511434

出　　处：《电池工业》2024年第6期328-334,364,共8页Chinese Battery Industry

基　　金：江门市科技计划项目(2021660700170008598)。

摘　　要：随着用户对纯电汽车续航里程需求的提高,电池包承载的电芯质量增加,需要通过减轻电池仓的质量来降低电动汽车的能耗。传统的钢制电池仓虽具有较大刚度,能保证电池模组的安全性,但因质量过大,逐渐被车企淘汰。从材料和结构两方面对电池仓进行轻量化设计能有效解决电池仓的质量问题。随着一体式压铸工艺的提出,不少车企选择采用压铸工艺生产电池仓,这种方法既能降低质量,又能提供良好的韧性。基于有限元分析软件,对某纯电汽车的压铸拼焊电池仓进行了模态、随机振动、侧向挤压和随机疲劳寿命分析,以验证其结构安全性。在满足各项安全试验要求的前提下,采用拓扑优化法对电池仓进行了轻量化优化设计。分析结果表明,优化后的电池仓符合国家标准的安全试验要求,电池仓质量减少了33.4 kg,轻量化率达到了8.48%。With the increasing demand of users for the range of battery electric vehicles,the weight of the battery cells carried by the battery pack has increased.It is necessary to reduce the weight of the battery pack box in order to reduce the driving energy consumption of electric vehicles.Although traditional steel battery compartments have high stiffness to ensure the safety of battery modules,they are gradually being phased out by automotive companies due to their excessive weight.Lightweight design of battery compartments from both material and structure aspects can effectively solve this problem.With the introduction of integrated die-casting technology,many automotive companies choose to use die-casting technology to produce battery pack box,which can reduce their weight and provide good toughness.Based on finite element analysis software,modal,random vibration,lateral compression,and random fatigue life analysis were conducted on the die cast welded battery pack box of a battery electric vehicle to verify its structural safety.And on the premise of meeting various safety test requirements,the topology optimization method is adopted to carry out lightweight optimization design for the battery pack box.The analysis results show that the battery pack box meets the national safety test standards after optimization,with a weight reduction of 33.4 kg and a lightweight rate of 8.48%.

关 键 词：电池仓 模态分析 随机振动分析 挤压分析 随机疲劳寿命分析 拓扑优化 

分 类 号：U467.3[机械工程—车辆工程]