不同增效剂对设施黄瓜生长及土壤氮磷迁移的影响  

Effects of Different Synergists on Cucumber Growth and Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Migration

作　　者：耿亚菲 李合莲 井永苹[2,3] 李彦 王志典[4] 刘兆东 程玉蕾 Geng Yafei;Li Helian;Jing Yongping;Li Yan;Wang Zhidian;Liu Zhaodong;Cheng Yulei(School of Water Conservancy and Environment,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinan 250100,China;Qixia Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Qixia 264001,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学水利与环境学院,山东济南250022 [2]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东济南250100 [3]农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室,山东济南250100 [4]栖霞市农业技术推广中心,山东栖霞264001

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第12期79-85,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2021CXGC010801);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2022D05)。

摘　　要：为了解决设施菜田中由于超量施用化肥导致的氮磷利用率低、迁移淋溶损失大等问题,除优化施肥外,增施氮磷增效剂也是一项有效措施。本研究采用田间试验法,以农民习惯施肥为对照,设置优化施肥、优化施肥基础上分别添加聚天冬氨酸、黄腐酸、植酸酶、柠檬酸(用量分别为150、150、30、30 kg/hm^(2))处理,研究不同增效剂对设施黄瓜产量、品质和土壤氮、磷元素迁移的影响。结果表明,四种增效剂均不同程度提高了黄瓜产量和品质,其中优化施肥+聚天冬氨酸处理增产效果最佳,比农民习惯施肥增产14.52%;此外,增效剂有效降低氮、磷向深层土壤的迁移累积,其中黄腐酸和聚天冬氨酸处理效果最好;等氮量投入条件下,与农民习惯施肥相比,优化施肥+黄腐酸处理盛果期深层(80~100 cm)土壤硝态氮累积量减少13.08%,优化施肥+聚天冬氨酸处理深层土壤有效磷累积量减少76.32%。综合以上结果,从提高黄瓜产量、品质和减少土壤氮、磷淋溶损失角度考虑,优化施肥条件下,增效剂黄腐酸和聚天冬氨酸应用效果较好。In order to solve the problems of low utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus and great loss of migration and leaching caused by excessive application of fertilizer in vegetable fields in facilities,a field experiment was carried out in this study.Using farmers’customary fertilization as control(CK),optimized fer⁃tilization and optimized fertilization supplemented with polyaspartic acid,fulvic acid,phytase and citric acid(at 150,150,30,30 kg/hm^(2))respectively were set,and the effects of different synergists on cucumber yield,quality and soil nitrogen and phosphorus migration were studied.The results showed that the four synergists all improved cucumber yield and quality,and the yield of optimal fertilization+polyaspartic acid treatment was 14.52%higher than that of CK.Besides,the synergists effectively reduced the migration and accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus into deep soil,among which,fulvic acid and polyaspartic acid treatments had the best effects.Under the condition of equal nitrogen input,optimal fertilization+fulvic acid treatment reduced the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen by 13.08%,and optimal fertilization+polyaspartic acid treatment reduced the available phosphorus accumulation by 76.32% in deep (80~100 cm) soil compared with CK. Considering theabove results, fulvic acid and polyaspartic acid had better effects on improving the yield and quality of cucum⁃ber and reducing the loss of soil nitrogen and phosphorus leaching.

关 键 词：增效剂 设施黄瓜 品质 产量 氮磷迁移 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]