出生体质量、妊娠日龄和世代间隔对奶牛泌乳性能的影响  

Effects of the birth weight weight,gestational age age,and generation interval on the performance of postpartum lactation in dairy cows

作　　者：杨阳[1] 王煜舒 叶翠芳 李广 周彬 欧四海[1] YANG Yang;WANG Yushu;YE Cuifang;LI Guang;ZHOU Bin;OU Sihai(Shihezi Livestock and Veterinary Workstation,the 8th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi 832000,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第八师石河子市畜牧水产发展服务中心,新疆石河子832000 [2]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《养殖与饲料》2025年第1期1-4,共4页Animals Breeding and Feed

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团科技局项目(2021AA004)。

摘　　要：[目的]为充分发挥青年牛产犊后的产奶潜力,研究出生、配种及妊娠等不同阶段对其产后泌乳性能的影响。[方法]2021年1月—2023年12月收集新疆石河子2个规模化奶牛场中青年牛出生日期、配种日期、妊娠日期、产犊和所产犊牛体质量以及产后产奶量等信息,分析青年牛出生体质量、妊娠日期、世代间隔等因素与其产后泌乳性能的相关性。[结果]青年牛的出生体质量、配种体质量及妊娠日龄和世代间隔等因素均对其产后泌乳性能均产生显著影响,呈正相关(P<0.05)。出生体质量在37 kg以上、配种体质量达到410 kg,妊娠日龄超过438 d以及世代间隔711.16 d以上的青年母牛产后头胎次泌乳量相对较高。[结论]应加强青年母牛妊娠期的营养管理,同时合理控制配种体质量和妊娠时间,并优化世代间隔。[Objectives]The effects of different stages including the birth,mating,and gestation on the per‐formance of postpartum lactation in dairy cows were studied to fully utilize the potential of milk production in young cows after calving.[Methods]Data on the date of birth,the date of mating,the date of gestation,calving,the birth weight of calf,and the yield of postpartum lactation in young cows from two large-scale dairy farms in Shihezi,Xinjiang were collected from January 2021 to December 2023.The correlation between the birth weight,gestational age,generation interval,and the performance of postpartum lactation in young cows was analyzed.[Results]The birth weight,mating weight,gestational age,and generation interval of young cattle sig‐nificantly affected the performance of postpartum lactation in young,with a positive correlation(P<0.05).Young cows with a birth weight of 37 kg or more,a mating weight of 410 kg,a gestational age of above 438 days,and a generation interval of 711 days or more had relatively higher yield of first postpartum lactation.[Conclusions]The management of nutrition in young cows during gestation should be strengthened,while rea‐sonably controlling the mating weight and gestational age,and optimizing the generation interval.

关 键 词：荷斯坦青年牛 出生体质量 配种 妊娠日龄 世代间隔 泌乳量 营养管理 

分 类 号：S82[农业科学—畜牧学]