太阳能高温腔式吸热器在典型运行工况下的传热与应力分析  

Heat Transfer and Stress Analysis of a Solar High Temperature Cavity Receiver Under Typical Operating Conditions

作　　者：祝大龙 陈宇轩 张燕平[1] ZHU Dalong;CHEN Yuxuan;ZHANG Yanping(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,Hubei Province,China;Wuhan Secondary Ship Design&Research Institute,Wuhan 430064,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国船舶集团有限公司第七一九研究所,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《动力工程学报》2025年第1期54-61,共8页Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering

摘　　要：为保证吸热器安全高效运行,以太阳能高温腔式吸热器为研究对象,建立热-力学耦合模型,对典型运行工况下吸热器的传热性能及力学性能进行数值模拟。结果表明:吸热器螺旋盘管表面的温度分布不均匀,最大温差达247.37 K,造成热应力分布不均;云层遮挡导致工质出口温度变化频繁,最大差值达185.70 K,影响系统的稳定性;在云层遮挡前后管壁温度和应力发生剧烈变化,缩短了吸热器的使用寿命;在启动和稳定状态下,质量流量对管道应力的影响结果相反;启动质量流量为0.02 kg/s时,工质出口温度较高,但最大应力接近其许用应力,安全裕度较低;在实际运行中,需结合具体情况,综合考虑效益与安全的平衡,确定最优启动质量流量。In order to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the receiver,a coupled thermal-mechanical model was established for the solar high-temperature cavity receiver,and numerical simulations were conducted on the heat transfer performance and mechanical properties of the receiver under typical operating conditions.Results show that the temperature distribution on the surface of the receiver spiral coil of is uneven,with maximum temperature difference of 247.37 K,resulting in uneven distribution of thermal stress.The cloud cover causes frequent changes in the outlet temperature,with maximum difference of 185.70 K,affecting the stability of the system.The temperature and stress of the coil wall change drastically before and after cloud cover,which shortens the service life of the receiver.The effect of mass flow rate on coil stress is opposite between start-up and steady state.When the start-up mass flow rate is 0.02 kg/s,the outlet temperature of the working fluid is relatively high,while the maximum stress is close to the allowable stress,and the safety margin is low.In the actual operation,it is necessary to consider the balance of benefit and safety based on specific conditions,and then determine the optimal start-up mass flow rate.

关 键 词：高温吸热器 热性能 力学性能 应力 

分 类 号：TK513.3[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]