城镇燃气管道泄漏蒸气云爆炸对建筑和人员的安全影响  

The Safety Impact of Vapor Cloud Explosion Caused by Urban Gas Pipeline Leakage on Buildings and Personnel

作　　者：齐学振 章峰 曲悦 沈幼娟 吴恢庆 QI Xuezhen;ZHANG Feng;QU Yue;SHEN Youjuan;WU Huiqing(Zhejiang Academy of Emergency Management Science,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省应急管理科学研究院,浙江杭州310014

出　　处：《安全》2024年第12期8-14,共7页Safety & Security

基　　金：浙江省尖兵领雁研发攻关计划项目(2022C03179)。

摘　　要：为科学评估城镇燃气管道泄漏蒸气云爆炸破坏程度以及对城市环境中建筑和人员的安全影响情况,采用荷兰组织(TNO)蒸气云爆炸事故后果模拟评估方法,以燃气管道泄漏蒸气云爆炸为事故场景,考察不同风速、不同泄漏孔径条件下天然气蒸气云扩散行为及爆炸冲击波影响范围的变化情况。结果表明:泄漏点下风向86~97 m范围内低于5.2 m的建筑物可成为天然气的聚集点,可能形成潜在爆炸危险源;泄漏孔直径由50 mm增大至200 mm时,甲烷气体50%爆炸下限浓度对应泄漏点下风向的距离增加量约为2倍;通过爆炸超压等值曲线图可划定燃气管道突发泄漏情形下的应急疏散区域。研究结果可为合理评估分析城镇燃气管道蒸气云爆炸后果及泄漏点周边人员的紧急疏散和风险管控提供依据。In order to scientifically access the damage degree caused by the vapor cloud explosion because of the urban gas pipeline leakage and its safety impact on buildings and personnel in the urban environment,the TNO vapor cloud explosion accident consequence simulation access method was adopted.Taking the vapor cloud explosion caused by the gas pipeline leakage as the accident scenario,the diffusion behavior of gas vapor cloud and the impact range changes of the explosion shock wave under different wind speeds and leakage aperture conditions were investigated.The results show that buildings within a range of 86-97 m downwind of the leakage point,which are less than 5.2 m in high,can become gathering points for the natural gas and may form potential explosion hazards;that when the diameter of the leakage hole increases from 50 mm to 200 mm,the distance downstream of the leakage point corresponding to the 50%lower explosive limit concentration of the methane gas increases by about twice;and that the emergency evacuation area in case of the sudden gas pipeline leakage can be delineated through the explosion overpressure contour curve.The research results provide a basis for reasonably accessing and analyzing the consequences of the vapor cloud explosions in urban gas pipelines,as well as emergency evacuation and risk control of personnel around the leakage point.

关 键 词：城镇燃气管道 蒸气云爆炸 事故后果模拟 荷兰组织(TNO) 应急疏散区域 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]