漕源之变:引沁济运的兴废与明代治河困局  

The Changes of Canal Water Source:The Difficulties of River Management in the Water Diversion fromthe Qin River to the Grand Canal in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：吴琦[1] 李想 WU Qi;LI Xiang(College of History and Culture,Central China Normal University,Hubei 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《安徽史学》2025年第1期26-35,共10页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“清代漕运对区域社会环境影响的实证研究”(14AZS012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明初,黄河南北摆动不定,人为分引河流众多,为解决大运河缺水问题,全线引河济运,引沁济运亦深受关注。景泰至成化朝,河臣主持引沁工程,实现了运河对沁河水多个方向的引用。弘治至嘉靖朝,治沁以筑堤疏浚为主,引沁工程的实施艰难,成为漕源的备用方案。隆庆至万历朝,围绕引沁入卫产生了一系列争论与矛盾,诸如朝中合流派与分流派治河理念之争、百姓生计与国家治漕之争、沁河上下游利益之争等。在漕运至上和黄河水环境变化的背景下,沁河在嘉靖朝中期以后经历了功能和地位的变化,民生与漕源的矛盾最终在保漕目的下得以调和。引沁济运的兴废反映出明代治河中的内在困局。The Yellow River always changed course in different directions in the early Ming Dynasty,so there were many artificial diversion projects.In order to solve the problem of water shortage in the Grand Canal,the river officials of Ming Dynasty flowed water from the Qin River to supplement the Grand Canal.The Qin River has also received great attention.From the period of Jingtai to Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty,the river minister presided over the project of diverting water from the Qin River,achieving the diversion of the Qin River from multiple directions to the canal.From the period of Hongzhi to Jiajing,the main task of the Qin River management was to build embankments and dredge the river.The implementation of the Qin River diversion project was difficult and became a backup plan for the water source.From the period of Longqing to Wanli,a series of debates and contradictions arose around the diversion of the Qin River into the Wei River,such as the dispute between the confluence and divergence schools of thought in the court on river management,the struggle between the livelihood of the people and the state’s management of water transport,and the dispute over the interests of the upper and lower reaches of the Qin River.Against the backdrop of the rise of water transport and changes in the water environment of the Yellow River,the function and status of the Qin River changed after the mid Jiajing period,and the contradiction between people’s livelihood and the source of water transport was ultimately reconciled under the goal of ensuring water transport.The rise and fall of the project of diverting water from the Qin River to the Yellow River reflectes the inherent dilemma in management of the Yellow River in the Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：明代 引沁济运 黄河 沁河 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]