在禁与不禁之间:清代商船带械出洋制度考述  

Prohibition or Releasing:Research on the System of Merchant Ships Sailing with Weapons in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：宋可达 SONG Keda(Institute of Chinese Borderland Studies,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院中国边疆研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《安徽史学》2025年第1期36-46,共11页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“清代海域勘界与海疆形成研究”(22CZS046);中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划资助优势学科“中国边疆史”(DF2023YS20)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清代商船带械出洋制度的设立,是清政府尝试进一步规范海洋活动,主导海洋秩序的体现,构成了清代海疆治理体制的重要一环。制度的内容,包括限制船载军械的类型与数量,设计严密的军械呈请制造、稽查验放机制,从而形成一套区分商船属性、地域的带械出洋规制。这一制度在实施过程中,根据海疆局势的松紧和沿海人群的生计需要,因时因地发生变化,呈现出定例与破定例的循环管理特征。商船带械出洋制度的演变嬗递反映了清代海疆政策的动态调整,其间蕴含着中央政府与沿海地方在海洋权力分配问题上的博弈与磨合,具有鲜明的中央集权王朝海疆治理体制特色。The establishment of the system of merchant ships sailing with weapons was an attempt by the Qing government to further standardize maritime activities and assert control over maritime order.This system became a crucial component of the Qing Dynasty’s marine territory governance framework.The system’s provisions included restrictions on the types and quantities of weapons allowed on board,as well as meticulously designed mechanisms for the application,manufacture,inspection,and release of weaponry.This created a set of regulations distinguishing merchant ships based on their attributes and regions of operation.During the implementation of this system,it underwent adjustments based on the changing security along the marine territory and the livelihood needs of coastal populations,reflecting a cyclical pattern of adherence to and deviations from established regulations.The evolution of this system of merchant ships carrying weapons abroad reflected the dynamic adjustments in the Qing Dynasty’s maritime policy,which involved the power struggles and compromises between the central government and coastal regions over maritime authority,and had distinctive characteristics of the dynasty’s maritime governance system.

关 键 词：清代 商船 带械出洋 海禁政策 海疆治理 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]