从相关概念论清末责任内阁的设置及其性质  

On the Establishment and Nature of the Responsible Cabinet in the Late Qing Dynasty from Relevant Concepts

作　　者：熊元彬[1] XIONG Yuanbin(School of Philosophy,History and Culture,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学哲学与历史文化学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《安徽史学》2025年第1期56-63,72,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：对于清末成立的责任内阁,时人及后人均因其时代背景的复杂性和相关概念的含糊性而对其有着“皇族内阁”“亲贵内阁”“排汉阁”“非驴非马之内阁”“畸形内阁”“暂行内阁”“怪胎”“假内阁”“皇族集权的大暴露”“第一届责任内阁”等不同的称呼。从西方宪政法制而言,责任内阁有其“违法”和“失政”之分,因而对于增设两名协理,并对皇帝负责的这届责任内阁,以及盛宣怀在未经阁议就推行的铁路干线国有及其借款到底是违法还是失政,这些都理当结合其相关的内涵而定,以便客观地评析盛宣怀及其政治法治化进程。甚至长期以来有关责任内阁“中国化”和“中央专制集权”等问题仍应先明确其内涵,并结合其时代背景,综合其法制与理论而定。For the responsible cabinet established in the late Qing Dynasty,people of the time and later generations have given it different names such as“Imperial Cabinet”,“Pro Noble Cabinet”,“Anti Han Cabinet”,“Cabinet that is neither donkey nor horse”,“Abnormal Cabinet”,“Interim Cabinet”,“Freak”,“Fake Cabinet”,“Great Exposure of Imperial Centralization”,“First Responsible Cabinet”,etc.due to the complexity of its historical background and the ambiguity of related concepts.From the perspective of Western constitutional law,the responsibility cabinet can be classified as“illegal”or“corrupt”.Therefore,it is necessary to objectively evaluate the legitimacy of the responsibility cabinet,which includes the addition of two assistants and is accountable to the emperor,as well as whether Sheng Xuanhuai’s implementation of state-owned railway trunk lines and borrowing without cabinet deliberation is illegal or corrupt,based on their relevant connotations.Even for a long time,issues related to the“Sinicization”of the responsibility cabinet and“centralization of power”should still be clarified first,and combined with its historical background,comprehensively determined by its legal system and theory.

关 键 词：责任内阁 盛宣怀 暂行内阁 中国化 法制 

分 类 号：K257.9[历史地理—历史学]