我们该如何阅读修昔底德?--康纳所谓“递进手法”再评价  

How Should We Read Thucydides?:W.Robert Connor’s“The Artistic Technique of Progressions”Revisited

作　　者：何元国[1] HE Yuanguo(School of History,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《安徽史学》2025年第1期83-94,129,共13页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：美国学者康纳借鉴伊泽尔的“读者反应理论”的主要思想,但舍弃其概念,用以研究修昔底德艺术的一面。康纳认为,“递进”是修昔底德最有特色的手法。通过它,修昔底德一方面让读者设身处地,获得情感体验;另一方面,他把自己关于人性和政治等思考融入叙事和评论中,以激发读者的思考。康纳的“递进手法”说有一概而论的毛病。运用海登·怀特的学说,可以解释其理论借鉴的不足。但其理论借鉴大体上是成功的,它提醒我们留意修昔底德的“递进”“反讽”等手法,领会其不做定论、邀请读者做出反应的意图。Thucydides the Artist was explored by an American scholar,W.Robert Connor,who borrowed Wolfgang Iser’s Reader Response Theory but without use of any of his concepts.In Connor’s view,the artistic technique of progressions is most distinctive among the ones he used.Through it,Thucydides leads readers re-experience the war emotionally,and stimulate their thinking about the humanity and politics etc.,which is incorporated into the author’s narrative and comments.But his view cannot explain away all contradictions and instances of tensions in Thucydides’text.The defects of his theorical borrowing,which is successful in general,can be explained by Hayden White’s theory in his Metahistory.Connor reminds us to pay attention to Thucydides’techniques of progressions and irony,etc.,and understand his intention of inviting readers’actions and making no final conclusions.

关 键 词：修昔底德 康纳 “递进手法” “读者反应理论” 海登·怀特 

分 类 号：K545.2[历史地理—历史学]