20世纪晚期美国北方斑点猫头鹰保护之争及其司法解决  

The Controversy of Northern Spotted Owl Protection and Its Judicial Resolution in the United States in the Late 20th Century

作　　者：滕海键[1] 王法刚 TENG Haijian;WANG Fagang(Institute of Environmental History and Sustainable Economic and Social Development Study,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110136,China;Law School,Bohai University,Jinzhou 121010,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学环境史与经济社会可持续发展研究院,辽宁沈阳110136 [2]渤海大学法学院,辽宁锦州121010

出　　处：《安徽史学》2025年第1期107-118,共12页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“美国荒野史研究”(16BSS030)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪晚期,美国围绕北方斑点猫头鹰的保护问题发生了激烈的论争和博弈,在环保组织的努力推动下,北方斑点猫头鹰的保护工作取得了很大进展。在20世纪八九十年代的多项相关司法诉讼中,地方法院发挥了积极作用,北方斑点猫头鹰的生存空间得到了保障和拓展。1994年以后,在司法裁决的保驾护航下,“西北森林计划”基本上调和了有关这一问题的争议,并确立了生态管理理念的主导地位。研究发现,片面地认识和对待北方斑点猫头鹰保护与木材采伐的矛盾和冲突均无助于问题的解决,建构一种综合考量生态、经济和其他社会目标的生态管理理念主导的法律制度,才是解决问题的根本。In the late 20th century,there was a fierce debate and game in the United States regarding the protection of the Northern Spotted Owl.With the efforts of environmental organizations,great progress was made in the protection of the Northern Spotted Owl.In multiple related judicial lawsuits in the 1980s and 1990s,local courts played an active role,ensuring and expanding the living space of the Northern Spotted Owl.After 1994,under the protection of judicial rulings,the“Northwest Forest Plan”basically resolved the controversy over the Northern Spotted Owl and established the dominant position of ecological management concepts.Research has found that a one-sided understanding and treatment of the contradiction and conflict between the protection of northern spotted owls and timber harvesting is not conducive to solving the problem.Constructing a legal system dominated by ecological management concepts that comprehensively consider ecological,economic,and other social goals is the fundamental solution to the problem.

关 键 词：北方斑点猫头鹰 古森林 生态管理理念 西北森林计划 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学]