刘备的名和字新解  

New Explanation of Liu Bei's Name and the Courtesy Name

作　　者：陶广学 张智慧 Tao Guangxue;Zhang Zhihui(School of Literature,Xinyang Normal University,Xinyang,Hennan,464000)

机构地区：[1]信阳师范大学文学院,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《语文学刊》2024年第6期53-58,83,共7页Journal of Language and Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“孔颖达《礼记正义》文献考察与研究”(16BZX038)阶段性研究成果,河南省社会科学规划项目“三国政治家与《礼记》学研究”(2023BZX005)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：刘备的名、字,前人多据《三国志·杜琼传》“先主讳备,其训具也”解释“备”,而以“五色至黑乃备”解释“玄德”,实未揭示出其丰富而深刻的内涵。具体言之,刘备的名、字应有三层寓意:其父为刘备取名曰“备”,应本自《礼记·祭统》,意为“多福”“百顺”,蕴含着父母美好的祝愿;刘备成年后冠字“玄德”,主要本自《礼记·礼器》《礼记·礼运》,表达了对“大备”“盛德”“大顺”的追求,体现出崇高的政治理想;其字以“玄”饰“德”,又蕴含着取法天地、功成弗居的高尚品格,则本自《老子》思想。从刘备远大怀抱以及沉静性格来看,其人与其名、其字可谓名副其实。Liu Bei's name and character were often explained by previous scholars based on the Biography of Du Qiong in the Records of the Three Kingdoms,which stated that“The late king tabooed Bei,its meaning is to have”to explain“Bei”,and“the five colors to the black were Bei”to explain“Xuande”,but their rich and profound connotations have not been fully revealed.Specifically,Liu Bei's name and characters should have three layers of meaning.Firstly,his father named Liu Bei“Bei”,which originated from the Ji Tong and means“many blessings”and“hundred blessings”,containing beautiful wishes.Secondly,Liu Bei's posthumous title“Xuande”is mainly derived from the Li Qi and Li Yun,expressing his pursuit of“Da Bei”“Sheng De”and“Da Shun”,reflecting his lofty political ideals.Finally,its character is decorated with“Xuan”as“De”,embodying the noble character of learning from heaven and earth,and achieving success and prosperity,which is based on the ideas of LaoZi.From Liu Bei's broad embrace and calm personality,his person,name,and character are truly worthy of the name.

关 键 词：刘备 名字 备 玄德 《礼记》 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]