永嘉地区钩端螺旋体病的流行病学特征及变迁分析  

Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics and Changes of Leptospirosis in Yongjia Area

作　　者：朱文贵 李斌斌 郑贤铸 张丹 陈建 ZHU Wengui;LI Binbin;ZHENG Xianzhu;ZHANG Dan;CHEN Jian(Department of Respiratory Medicine,Yongjia County People’s Hospital,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325100,China)

机构地区：[1]永嘉县人民医院呼吸内科,浙江温州325100

出　　处：《中国医药指南》2025年第2期20-23,共4页Guide of China Medicine

基　　金：温州市医药卫生科研项目(2022040)。

摘　　要：目的探讨分析永嘉地区钩端螺旋体病的流行病学特征及变迁因素。方法选取2020年3月至2022年3月在永嘉县人民医院确诊的500例钩端螺旋体患者的临床资料,分析流行学特征及变迁因素。结果500例钩端螺旋体病在各个季节均呈现一定的发病率,其中在夏季发病率最高,达到37.00%,其次为秋季,达到32.60%;性别分布中,男性患者的发病率为56.00%,高于女性44.00%;人群分布中,农工的发病率为49.60%最高;年龄分布中,多数患者分布在41~60岁,发病率为41.00%,最低为21~40岁,发病率为27.80%,而空间分布中,农村发病率占大多数,为73.40%;菌属种类中,大部分为黄疸出血群,占比60.00%,其次为波摩那型钩端螺旋体、犬型钩端螺旋体,分别占比15.40%、15.00%。同时流行因素的变化分析中,由气候与自然灾害的影响变迁占比11.00%最高,个体免疫水平的差异变迁占比2.40%最低。结论钩端螺旋体病的流行病学以及变迁均涉及年龄、性别、季节以及人群等,菌群分布多见于黄疸出血群,而变迁原因以气候及自然灾害为主,需持续关注并制订针对性策略。Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing factors of leptospirosis in Yongjia.Methods A total of 500 cases of leptospirosis patients diagnosed at Yongjia County People’s Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changes in factors.Results Among the 500 leptospirosis cases,the incidence varied across different seasons,with the highest in summer at 37.00%,followed by autumn at 32.60%.In terms of distribution,the incidence rate for male patients was 56.00%,higher than that for females at 44.00%.Among different occupations farmers had the highest incidence rate at 49.60%.In terms of age distribution,most patients were aged between 41 and 60 with an incidence rate of 41.00%,while the lowest incidence rate was for those aged between 21 and 40 at 2.80%.Spatially,the incidence rate in rural areas was the highest at 73.40%.Among different serogroups,the majority belonged the icterohemorrhagiae group,accounting for 60.00%,followed by pomona and canicola serogroups,accounting 15.40%and 15.00%,respectively.In the analysis of changing factors,climate and natural disasters had the highest impact at 11.00%,while individual immune level had the lowest impact at 2.40%.Conclusions The epidemiology and changes of leptospirosis involve age,gender,season,and occupation The predominant serogroup is icterohemorrhagiae.The main reasons for changes are climate and natural disasters.Continuous attention and targeted strategies are needed.

关 键 词：钩端螺旋体病 流行病学 变迁 

分 类 号：R514.4[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]