黄心梓木与滇楸生长性状及材性差异分析  

Comparative analysis of growth traits and wood properties of Catalpa fargesii f.duclouxii(Huangxin)and Catalpa fargesii f.duclouxii

作　　者：赵智佳 于晓池 肖遥 杨桂娟[1] 张明刚 易飞 张鹏[2] 王军辉[1] 麻文俊 ZHAO Zhijia;YU Xiaochi;XIAO Yao;YANG Guijuan;ZHANG Minggang;YI Fei;ZHANG Peng;WANG Junhui;MA Wenjun(Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration,State Key Laboratory of tree Genetics and Breeding,Beijing 100091,China;College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150040,China;Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang,Guizhou 550005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,国家林业局林木培育重点实验室,林木遗传育种全国重点实验室,北京100091 [2]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [3]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期58-68,共11页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目“楸树新品种选育”(2021YFD2200301)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较黄心梓木与滇楸生长、解剖结构及材性的差异,评价黄心梓木材质的优异性,为黄心梓木材性改良和加工利用提供科学依据。【方法】采集同一生境下树龄25 a的滇楸和黄心梓木各3株,通过树干解析获取解析圆盘直径等生长数据,使用显微镜观测黄心梓木与滇楸的木材微观构造特征,测定两树种心材(第10年轮)、边材(倒数第2个年轮)的纤维长度、纤维宽度、双壁厚、壁腔比、腔径比等解剖结构指标,并按照国家标准(GB/T 1927.2-2021)测定木材材性指标,即物理性质指标(密度、干缩性)、力学性质指标(硬度、顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗拉强度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、抗劈力、抗剪强度、冲击韧性)及颜色指标(亮度值L^(*)及色相值a^(*)、b^(*)),使用SPSS和Sigma Plot进行数据整理与分析。【结果】①树龄25 a的黄心梓木与滇楸同处于速生期,黄心梓木生长速度较滇楸慢。黄心梓木心材呈黄褐色,滇楸心材呈灰白色,二者心材在树高0~8 m处占比均大于75%。②根据木材微观构造特征,黄心梓木与滇楸均为环孔材,黄心梓木与滇楸的心材纤维长度分别为805.58和824.21μm,纤维长宽比均大于35,壁腔比均小于1,黄心梓木纤维形态指标优于滇楸。③黄心梓木与滇楸的气干密度分别为0.47和0.46 g/cm^(3),体积干缩系数分别为0.37%和0.33%,顺纹抗压强度分别为43.11和40.09 MPa,抗弯弹性模量分别为11.03和10.00 GPa,抗弯强度分别为70.56和64.11 MPa,冲击韧性分别为54.70和49.88 kJ/m^(2),黄心梓木材性整体优于滇楸。【结论】黄心梓木生长速度较滇楸慢,木材材性优于滇楸,其心材率高且为黄褐色,具有较高的经济价值。【Objective】This study aimed to provide a scientific foundation for the enhancement,proce-ssing,and utilisation of Catalpa fargesii f.duclouxii(Huangxin),by comparing growth characteristics,wood properties,and fibre morphological types of C.duclouxii(Huangxin)against Catalpa fargesii f.duclouxii,and evaluating the wood quality of C.duclouxii(Huangxin).【Method】Samples from three 25-year-old C.duclouxii and three 25-year-old C.duclouxii(Huangxin)specimens were collected from identical habitats.Growth metrics,such as the diameter at breast height,were recorded through trunk ana-lysis.Microstructural characteristics and anatomical structure indices-including fibre length,width,cell wall thickness,wall-to-cavity ratio,and cavity diameter ratio-of the heartwood(the 10th annual ring)and sapwood(the penultimate annual ring)were observed under a microscope and determined for both species.In accordance with national standard(GB/T 1927.2-2021),the timber properties of both species were assessed,which include physical metrics(density,dry shrinkage)and mechanical metrics(hardness,ultimate compressive strength parallel to grain,tensile strength parallel to grain,bending strength,modulus of elasticity in bending,cleavage strength,impact bending strength)and colour indices(brightness value L^(*),and hue values a^(*),b^(*)).Data were analysed with SPSS and Sigma Plot.【Result】①Both C.duclouxii(Huangxin)and C.duclouxii were in their rapid growth phase at the age of 25,with the growth rate of C.duclouxii(Huangxin)being marginally lower than C.duclouxii.The heartwood of C.duclouxii(Huangxin)was yellow-brown,whereas that of C.duclouxii was grey,both comprising over 75%of the tree volume at all height between 0-8 m.②Microstructural analysis revealed that both species are ring-porous woods.Fibre lengths in the heartwood were 805.58μm for C.duclouxii(Huangxin)and 824.21μm for C.duclouxii,fiber-to-width ratios of C.duclouxii(Huangxin)and C.duclouxii were both higher than 35 and wall-to-cavity ratios lower than 1.It indica

关 键 词：黄心梓木 滇楸 生长性状 木材材性 解剖结构 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S781.29[农业科学—林学]