白唇鹿产仔期栖息地选择策略——以察青松多白唇鹿国家级自然保护区为例  

Habitat Selection Strategies of White-lipped Deer during Calving:A Case of Chaqingsongduo White-lipped Deer National Nature Reserve

作　　者：罗鹏 何明坤 杨元罡 宋昕龙 罗华林 游章强[1] LUO Peng;HE Mingkun;YANG Yuangang;SONG Xinlong;LUO Hualin;YOU Zhangqiang(Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Mianyang Teachers'College,Mianyang,Sichuan 621000;Chaqingsongduo National Nature Reserve of White-Lipped Deer,Ganzi,Sichuan 627150)

机构地区：[1]绵阳师范学院生态安全与保护四川省重点实验室,四川绵阳621000 [2]四川省甘孜州白玉县林业和草原局白玉县自然保护区服务中心,四川甘孜627150

出　　处：《绵阳师范学院学报》2025年第2期63-71,共9页Journal of Mianyang Teachers' College

基　　金：白玉县察青松多白唇鹿国家级自然保护白唇鹿产仔生境监测(2022BYWD01);四川省绵阳师范学院科研启动项目(QD2023A02;QD2023A01)。

摘　　要：动物产仔期栖息地质量高低直接决定其子代存活率,从而影响物种的种群动态,产仔期栖息地选择策略对增加物种进化适合度具有极为重要的作用.以四川察青松多白唇鹿国家级自然保护区内的白唇鹿为研究对象,于2022和2023年两年中的5—6月期间采用样线法与样方法,对其产仔期栖息地选择策略进行分析,结果表明:(1)栖息地选择指数分析显示白唇鹿在产仔期倾向于选择海拔≦4500 m与20°~40°的阴坡、中及下坡位的高山草甸栖息地、人为干扰距离与距水源距离在2000 m及以内的栖息地;(2)全模型法判别分析显示植被类型、植被盖度、坡度和人为干扰对白唇鹿产仔期栖息地选择具有重要影响;(3)逐步选择法模型判别分析显示植被类型、植被盖度和坡度是影响白唇鹿产仔期栖息地选择利用的重要生态因子(P<0.001).综上,植被、地形和人为干扰是影响白唇鹿产仔期生境选择的主要环境因子,可为有效保护白唇鹿这一珍稀物种并为其它高原生物多样性保护提供科学依据.Quantity of calving habitat is closely associated with survival of offspring,and can impact the popu-lation dynamics of wildlife.The study employed the Przewalskium albirostris as the research subject within the Chaq-ingsongduo White-lipped Deer National Nature Reserve in Sichuan.The research employed the transect method and the sampling method between May and June of 2022 and 2023 to analyze the deer's habitat selection strategies during the calving period.The results of the habitat index analyses showed that(1)P.albirostris prefer to live in lower shady slopes with a slope between 20°~40°below sea level 4500 m,(2)tend to live in alpine meadows within middle and downhill positions,(3)tend to live where with anthropogenic disturbance and water resource within 2000 m.The results of full model discriminant analyses showed that the core ecological factors that impact the selection strategies of the calving habitat of P.albirostris were vegetation type,vegetation coverage,slope gradi-ent and anthropogenic disturbance.The results of stepwise discriminant analyses showed that vegetation type,veg-etation coverage,and slope have important effects on habitat selection of white-lipped deer during calving period(P<0.001).This study found that vegetation,terrain and anthropogenic disturbance were the main environmental factors affecting habitat selection of white-lipped deer during calving period.This study can provide a scientific basis for protecting the white-lipped deer,a rare species,and other plateau biodiversity.

关 键 词：白唇鹿 产仔期 栖息地选择 人为干扰 青藏高原 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] Q959.842