无/少阿片化麻醉在老年患者围手术期镇痛中的应用进展  

Application Progress of No/Low-Opioid Anesthesia in Perioperative Analgesia in Elderly Patients

作　　者：郭忠杰 郑辉利[2] GUO Zhongjie;ZHENG Huili(The School of Clinical Medicine,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350000,China;Department of Anesthesiology,Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University,Xiamen 361004,China)

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学临床医学部,福州350000 [2]厦门大学附属中山医院麻醉科,福建厦门361004

出　　处：《医学综述》2025年第2期219-223,共5页Medical Recapitulate

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金(2024J011332);厦门市医疗卫生指导性项目(3502Z20214ZD1035)。

摘　　要：老年患者存在独特的生理及疾病特点,而传统以阿片类药物为主的围手术期镇痛方案可能会造成不利的影响。不同作用机制的镇痛药物与区域镇痛技术协同应用的多模式镇痛方式以及加速康复外科的发展共同推动了无/少阿片化麻醉的进步,在节用阿片类药物的同时减少了不良反应发生,在老年患者围手术期镇痛方面发挥更多的优势,但也存在风险与挑战。因此,无/少阿片化麻醉在老年患者围手术期镇痛中常规应用的可行性、有效性及安全性仍需进一步研究。Elderly patients have unique physiological and disease characteristics,and the traditional opioid-based perioperative analgesia regimen may cause adverse effects.Multimodal analgesia,which is synergistic application of analgesic drugs with different mechanisms of action and regional analgesia technology,and accelerating the development of rehabilitation surgery,jointly promote the progress of no/low-opioid anesthesia,reduce adverse reactions while saving opioids,and show more advantages and potential in perioperative analgesia for the elderly patients,although there are also risks and challenges.Therefore,the feasibility,effectiveness and safety of routine use of no/low-opioid anesthesia in perioperative analgesia in the elderly patients still need further research.

关 键 词：无阿片化麻醉 少阿片化麻醉 老年人 多模式镇痛 疼痛 

分 类 号：R614[医药卫生—麻醉学]