货物列车敞车空载及侧风运营条件下的运行安全性研究  

RESEARCH ON OPERATIONAL SAFETY OF EMPTY GONDOLA CARS IN FREIGHT TRAINS SUBJECTED TO CROSSWIND

作　　者：何文涛 胡彦霖 閤鑫 王开云[1] HE Wen-tao;HU Yan-in;GE Xin;WANG Kai-yun(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《工程力学》2025年第1期249-258,共10页Engineering Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U19A20110,52072317)。

摘　　要：为了探究侧风对货物列车敞车空载条件下运行性能的影响,建立了考虑机车和多节敞车的货物列车空气动力学模型,研究了不同风速和风向角下列车的气动特性。进一步基于Cooper理论建立了瞬态侧风风谱,模拟了敞车空载及侧风运营条件下的非定常气动载荷。最后建立了考虑气动载荷的列车动力学模型,分析了侧向随机风作用下车辆的动力学性能,并给出运行建议安全域。研究结果表明:侧风作用下列车前部敞车受到的气动侧力和升力最大;风向角为90°条件下横风对车辆运行安全性影响最显著,且各项安全性指标随风速增大迅速增大;当风速超过20m/s时,敞车空载运行安全性随风速增大迅速恶化。To investigate the effects of crosswind on dynamics performances of empty gondola cars in freight trains,the aerodynamic model of a freight train with locomotive and multiple empty gondola cars was established,and the aerodynamic characteristics of the train under different wind speeds and wind angles were studied.The crosswind spectrum was further developed based on the Cooper theory,and the unsteady aerodynamic loads applied to the wagons under side wind were calculated.Finally,the dynamic model of the train considering aerodynamic loads was established,and the dynamics performances of empty gondola cars affected by stochastic crosswind were simulated,and the operating safety threshold was suggested.The simulation results indicate that the front gondola car suffers from the largest side force and lift force among all wagons.The crosswind affects the running safety of empty gondola cars more significantly under the wind angle of 90°,and all safety indices increase rapidly with the wind speed.As the wind speed exceeds 20 m/s,the running safety of the empty gondola cars deteriorates rapidly with increasing wind speed.

关 键 词：敞车 横风 非定常气动载荷 动力学 运行安全性 

分 类 号：U270.11[机械工程—车辆工程] U272.2[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]