全民所有自然资源资产委托代理属性的法教义学分析  

Legal Dogmatic Analysis on the Principal-agent System for the Whole-people Ownership of Natural Resource Assets

作　　者：唐克 TANG Ke(Law School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2024年第11期20-28,共9页China Land Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村集体所有制法律实现机制研究”(22&ZD202)。

摘　　要：研究目的:分析全民所有自然资源资产所有权委托代理制度的法律性质,明确其在我国当前法律体系中的基本定位,提出实现机制的建构路径。研究方法:法教义学方法。研究结果:委托代理法律制度必须包含溯及主义这一“理论元层次”,即代理后果溯及本人承担。全民所有委托代理所包含的利益分配机制与溯及主义原则相抵牾,它不能被归入以民事和商事委托代理为典型的委托代理法律制度之中。考虑到全民所有委托代理的核心线索乃是解决激励失灵和逆向选择问题,它与经济学语境下的“委托代理”理论不谋而合。研究结论:全民所有自然资源资产委托代理属于一项宪法性的经济制度,而当它作为法律制度存在且被适用时,其系属一种独特的监护制度。国家信托制度应当作为全民所有委托代理制度的实现机制。The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal nature of the principal-agent system for the whole-people ownership of natural resource assets and to clarify its fundamental position in the current legal framework of China.The research method is legal dogmatic analysis.This research results show that the principal-agent system should be considered as a legal regime,and must contain a theoretical meta-content,where the principal is legally required to bear consequences resulted from his agent’s legal actions.The interest distribution mechanism incorporated within the principal-agent system for the whole-people ownership of natural resource assets fundamentally contradicts the theoretical meta-content,preventing this regime from being categorized in the law field,typically the principal-agent system in the civil and commercial law area.Considering that the core thread of the principal-agent system for the wholepeople ownership is to solve the problems of incentive failure and adverse selection,it coincides with the agency theory in the context of economics.In conclusion,the principal-agent system for whole-people ownership is not a legal regime,instead,it belongs to a constitutional economic system.When it manifests as a legal system,its normative essence is that of a unique guardianship regime.Based on the fundamental structure of the guardianship system and an analysis of the interests and trade-offs involved in government participation in such relationships,a national trust system distinct from existing civil,commercial and public welfare trusts should be established.This national trust system would serve as the implementation mechanism for the entrustment of agency for natural resource assets owned by all the people,thereby fully realizing the triple value of these assets as ecological products,economic resources and state-owned assets.

关 键 词：委托代理制度 法教义学 全民所有自然资源资产 国家所有权 立法政策 

分 类 号：D912.3[政治法律—法学]