磷酸和硫酸钠一步法合成六偏磷酸钠新方法研究  

A New Method for Synthesis of Sodium Hexametaphosphate in One Step by Phosphoric Acid and Sodium Sulfate

作　　者：刘斌 姚德秀 周骏宏[1] LIU Bin;YAO De-xiu;ZHOU Jun-hong(Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities,Duyun 558000,China)

机构地区：[1]黔南民族师范学院磷化工重点实验室,都匀558000

出　　处：《离子交换与吸附》2024年第6期498-504,I0004,共8页Ion Exchange and Adsorption

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(项目号黔科合支撑[2021]一般307);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(项目号黔科中引地[2022]4019);贵州省服务“四新”“四化”科技攻关项目(项目号黔教技[2022]007);贵州省“磷-硫-钛”资源综合利用工程研究中心项目(项目号黔教技[20223]046)。

摘　　要：六偏磷酸钠是一种使用广泛的功能性磷酸盐,可用于洗涤、水处理、食品、选矿等工业生产中。六偏磷酸钠传统生产工艺较为陈旧,为了开辟新的原料来源及合成路线,尝试采用Na_(2)SO_(4)与H_(3)PO_(4)直接反应,以降低原料成本。文章研究了该直接反应的可行性并研究煅烧温度、煅烧时间和物料配比3种变量对该反应的影响,实验发现在煅烧条件下,Na_(2)SO_(4)和H_(3)PO_(4)混合物发生复分解反应,Na_(2)SO_(4)中S以气态形式逸出反应体系,剩余Na元素参与形成六偏磷酸钠,随着煅烧时间增加或煅烧温度提高,原料Na_(2)SO_(4)分解更为彻底,从产物的残留S含量以及XRD检测结果中发现衍射峰变平缓最终形成玻璃态物质,实验结果表明在煅烧温度为800℃、煅烧时间为1 h、物料配比为(1.01~1.02)∶1时制备的六偏磷酸钠效果最佳。本新工艺具有流程缩短、能够用低价值Na_(2)SO_(4)原料替代高价值Na_(2)CO_(3)的优势,值得进一步研究。Sodium hexametaphosphate is a functional phosphate,widely used in washing,water treatment,food,mineral processing,and other industrial production.Its traditional production process is old.To seek new raw material sources and establish new synthesis routes,we try to react directly with low-cost sodium sulfate and phosphoric acid.The feasibility of the direct reaction and the influence of calcination temperature,calcination time,and material ratio on the reaction were studied.It was found that under calcination conditions,the mixture of sodium sulfate and phosphoric acid underwent a double decomposition reaction,the sulfur in sodium sulfate escaped from the reaction system in gaseous form,and the remaining sodium element participated in the formation of sodium hexametaphosphate.With the increase of calcination time or calcination temperature,the decomposition of raw material sodium sulfate became more thorough.From the residual sulfur content of the product and XRD detection,it was found that the diffraction peak became gentle and gradually formed a glassy substance.The results showed that the best results were obtained when the calcination temperature was 800℃,the calcination time was 1 hour,and the material ratio was(1.01~1.02)∶1.The new process has the advantages of shortening the process and replacing high value soda ash with low value sodium sulfate raw material,and is worthy of further study.

关 键 词：六偏磷酸钠 H_(3)PO_(4) Na_(2)SO_(4) 一步法 

分 类 号：TQ111[化学工程—无机化工]