重特大事故灾难应急预案执行效果的影响路径研究  

Research on the Impact Path of Emergency Plan Implementation Effect Under Serious Accidents and Disasters

作　　者：雷雨 张桂蓉[2] 冯伟 Lei Yu;Zhang Guirong;Feng We(School of Public Administration,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105;School of Public Administration,Central South University,Changsha 410075)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学公共管理学院,湘潭411105 [2]中南大学公共管理学院 [3]中南大学社会稳定风险研究评估中心,长沙410075

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2024年第11期17-26,共10页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(编号:22ZDA121)。

摘　　要：应急预案是实现应急响应效能的关键方案,但在重特大事故响应救援过程中应急预案未发挥预期作用的现象时有发生。本研究基于应急管理体系和能力视角构建“体系—能力”框架,选取25起重特大事故灾难进行定性比较分析,回应重特大事故灾难下应急预案执行效果的影响路径这一重要问题。研究发现,重特大事故灾难应急预案执行效果取决于配套的应急管理体系和能力,“预案—信息机制—能力阻碍型”和“预案—信息机制阻碍型”两种失效路径导致应急预案未能发挥预期作用,重特大事故灾难应急预案执行存在“体系驱动型”和“体系—能力驱动型”两种生效路径。应系统性地关注预案适应、体制完善、机制优化、法制健全和能力提升,推进应急预案执行取得实效。Emergency plan is a key program to achieve the effectiveness of emergency response,but the phenomenon that the emergency response plan does not play the expected role in the process of responding to and rescuing from heavy accidents occurs from time to time.This study constructs a“systemcapability”framework based on the perspective of emergency management system and capability,and selects 25 major accidents and disasters for qualitative comparative analysis,in order to respond to the important question of the influence path of the implementation effect of emergency response plans under major accidents and disaster The following conclusions are drawn:(1)The implementation effect of the emergency plan for serious accidents and disasters depends on the supporting emergency management system and capability.(2)There are two failure paths:“plan-information mechanism-capability obstacle type”and“plan-information mechanism obstacle type”,which lead to the failure of emergency plan to play its expected role under serious accidents and disasters.(3)The implementation effect of high-level emergency plan under serious accidents and disasters has two effective paths:“system-driven type”and“system-capability type”.To improve the implementation effect of emergency plan,systematic attention should be paid to the adaptation of the plan,the improvement of the structure,the mechanism adjustment,the soundness of the legal system and capability improvement.

关 键 词：应急管理 应急预案执行 应急管理体系 重特大事故 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]