结构分化与功能互补:极端高温灾害应急协同网络的央地互动  

Structural Differentiation and Functional Complementation:Interactions between National and Local Emergency Collaborative Networks in Extreme Heat Wave

作　　者：陶志刚 聂玉伦 张海波[2,3] Tao Zhigang;Nie Yulun;Zhang Haibo(School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100;School of Government,Nanjing University;Research Center for Social Risk and Public Crisis Management,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院,南京211100 [2]南京大学政府管理学院 [3]南京大学社会风险与公共危机管理研究中心,南京210023

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2024年第11期27-39,共13页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“‘全过程均衡’视角下突发事件预警响应一体化机制研究”(编号:23CGL069);国家社科基金重大项目“提升中国应急管理体系和能力现代化水平研究”(编号:20&ZD160);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“‘大安全’框架下水旱灾害治理的组织协同研究”。

摘　　要：本文引入复杂适应系统理论,构建多案例研究设计,从结构和功能两个维度,剖析极端高温灾害应急协同网络的央地互动特征。研究结果表明:中央和地方的应急协同网络呈现结构分化和功能互补的基本特征。其中,结构分化是指中央层面倾向于形成集中-松散型网络,以建立弱关系提高协调效率,而地方层面倾向于形成均衡-密集型网络,以建立强关系降低合作风险;功能互补是指中央能够发挥统筹协调和资源调度的优势,回应地方的实际需求。但同时也要注意到,央地网络功能的发挥多局限于应急响应阶段,存在结构性失衡,需要通过完善法律法规、推进灾害预警响应一体化等方式,推进极端高温灾害的适应性治理。This paper introduces the theory of complex adaptive system,constructs a multi-case study design,and analyzes the central-local interaction characteristics in the emergency collaborative networks for extreme heat wave disasters from both structural and functional dimensions.The research results show that the emergency collaborative network of the central and local governments presents the basic characteristics of structural differentiation and functional complementation.Structural differentiation refers to the tendency of the central level to form a centralized-loose network in order to establish weak relationships and improve coordination efficiency,while the local level tends to form a balanced-dense network to establish strong relationships and reduce cooperation risks.Functional complementation refers to the central government is able to respond to the actual needs of the localities by exercising its strengths in coordinating and scheduling resource.However,it should also be noted that the central and local network functions are mostly limited to the emergency response stage,and there is a structural imbalance,which needs to promote the adaptive governance of extreme heat wave disasters through improving laws and regulations,promoting the integration of early warning and response.

关 键 词：极端高温灾害 复杂适应系统 央地关系 组织协同 网络分析 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]