大通北川河自然保护区不同植被类型土壤水源涵养功能研究  

The soil water conserving function of different vegetation types in the Beichuan River Nature Reserve of Datong

作　　者：刘玉斌 李强峰[1] 魏有才 傅利平 LIU Yubin;LI Qiangfeng;WEI Youcai;FU Liping(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Datong Beichuan Heyuan National Nature Reserve Administration,Xining 810105,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]大通北川河源区国家级自然保护区管理局,青海西宁810105

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第6期195-202,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：青海省林业与草原局2021年林业改革发展资金国家级自然保护区补助资金项目(青财资环字[2021]53号);青海省“昆仑英才·科技领军人才”培养项目(青人才字(2022)1号)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究北川河国家级自然保护区不同植被类型下的土壤水源涵养功能,为该区水土保持、水源涵养林保护与管理提供参考依据。【方法】选择保护区内5个典型的植被类型(高寒草甸、高寒灌丛、落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、针叶林)下的土壤,采用环刀法、烘干法等对其物理性质、土壤持水能力和土壤渗透能力进行分析研究,运用坐标综合评定法对研究区内不同植被类型土壤水源涵养功能进行综合评定。【结果】5种植被土壤物理性质、土壤蓄水能力和渗透能力差异明显。土壤平均容重变化范围为0.87~1.41 g/cm^(3),其中高寒草甸(1.41 g/cm^(3))最大,高寒灌丛(0.87 g/cm^(3))最小;土壤总孔隙度以针叶林最大(55.62%)、高寒灌丛(37.39%)最低,毛管孔隙度以针叶林(43.80%)最大,高寒灌丛(27.55%)最小,非毛管孔隙度以针阔混交林(12.13%)最大,高寒草甸(6.70%)最小;最大持水量以针叶林(1112.36 t/hm^(2))最大,高寒灌丛(747.80 t/hm^(2))最小;毛管持水量以针叶林(875.95 t/hm^(2))最大,高寒灌丛最小(551.00 t/hm^(2));非毛管持水量以针阔混交林(242.62 t/hm^(2))最大,高寒草甸(134.04 t/hm^(2))最小。土壤渗透能力最强的是针阔混交林,其稳渗速度为4 mm/min,稳渗系数为2.65,高寒草甸最弱,其稳渗速度为1.13 mm/min,稳渗系数为0.86。【结论】在5种不同植被类型中,针阔混交林土壤水源涵养功能最好,坐标综合能力值达0.3834;其次是针叶林和落叶阔叶林,坐标综合能力值分别为1.3862和3.0526;灌木林和高寒草甸的土壤水源涵养功能综合能力相对较差,坐标综合能力值分别为3.4126和4.8133。【Objective】The soil water conservation function under different vegetation types in Beichua-nhe National Nature Reserve was studied to provide reference for soil and water conservation,water conser-vation forest protection and management in the area.【Method】Soils under 5 typical vegetation types(al-pine meadow,alpine shrub,deciduous forest,mixed coniferous forest and coniferous forest)in the protected area were selected and their physical properties,soil water holding capacity and soil permeability were ana-lyzed by ring knife method and drying method.The function of soil water conservation of different vegeta-tion types in the study area was evaluated by the coordinated comprehensive evaluation method.【Result】There are obvious differences in the physical properties,water storage capacity and infiltration capacity of the planted subsoil.The mean bulk density of the soils ranged from 0.87 to 1.41 g/cm^(3),with alpine meadow(1.41 g/cm^(3))being the highest and alpine shrub(0.87 g/cm^(3))the lowest.Total soil porosity was the highest in coniferous forest(55.62%)and alpine shrub(37.39%).Capillary porosity was highest in co-niferous forest(43.80%)and lowest in alpine shrub(27.55%).Non-capillary porosity was highest in mixed forest(12.13%)and lowest in alpine meadow(6.70%).Maximum water holding capacity was highest in co-niferous forest(1112.36 t/hm^(2))and lowest in alpine shrub(747.80 t/hm^(2)).Capillary water retention was highest in coniferous forest(875.95 t/hm^(2))and lowest in alpine shrub(551.00 t/hm^(2)).Non-capillary water holding capacity was highest in coniferous mixed forest(242.62 t/hm^(2))and lowest in alpine meadow(134.04 t/hm^(2)).Soil permeability was highest in the mixed forest with a stable infiltration velocity(4 mm/min)and a stable infiltration coefficient(2.65)and lowest in the alpine meadow with a stable infiltration ve-locity(1.13 mm/min)and a stable infiltration coefficient(0.86).【Conclusion】The comprehensive evalua-tion and analysis showed that among the five different vegetat

关 键 词：北川河自然保护区 水源涵养功能 坐标综合评定法 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]