美国关键矿产安全联盟探析  

The Critical Minerals Security Alliance of the United States

作　　者：李冰 Li Bing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院亚太与全球战略研究院

出　　处：《国家安全研究》2024年第6期69-92,160,共25页China security studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院青年科研启动项目“‘双碳’目标下关键矿产的地缘政治博弈及其应对”(项目编号2023YQNQD060);中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”重点学科“一带一路”项目(编号2023DFZDQQY01)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：近年来,美国不断将关键矿产供应纳入盟伴体系,通过双多边协同方式推动构建的关键矿产安全联盟已取得实质性进展。为强化自身供应链安全、确保绿色转型优势地位、塑造全面排华遏华新态势,美国政府正持续完善关键矿产战略——对内强化自身生产能力,对外打造稳定、安全的关键矿产供应链。当前,美国已通过双边机制联结、小多边机制聚合和全球性多边机制扩散三大体系建构起初具规模、以排华遏华为核心特征的关键矿产安全联盟。未来,特朗普二任政府恐将继续强化关键矿产供应安全,上述联盟体系亦将深刻影响着矿产价格波动形势、中美全面竞争态势、全球南方发展走势乃至全球能源矿产治理效度。In recent years,the United States has incorporated the supply of critical minerals into the latticework of its alliances and partnerships and has thus far achieved substantial progress in building a critical minerals security alliance through bilateral and multilateral coordination.To enhance the security of American supply chains,maintain a competitive edge in the green transition,and contain China on all fronts,the US government has refined its critical minerals strategy by strengthening production capacity at home and fostering“stable and secure”critical mineral supply chains globally.At present,a US-led anti-China critical minerals security alliance has taken shape through bilateral linkages,minilateral frameworks,and multilateral institutions.Looking ahead,Donald Trump is expected to further reinforce US critical minerals security in his second term,and the above alliance will profoundly influence international mineral prices,the strategic competition between China and the United States,the development prospects of the Global South,and the effectiveness of global energy and mineral governance.

关 键 词：美国 关键矿产安全联盟 供应链安全 遏华 

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