宋代尸体免检制度探析  

Exploration of the exemption rules in the corpse examination system of the Song Dynasty

作　　者：康丽 李学博[1,2] Kang Li;Li Xuebo(Characteristic Laboratory of forensic science in Universities of Shandong Province,Shandong University of Political Science and Law,Jinan 250014,China;Institute of Forensic science,Shandong University of Political Science and Law,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东政法学院法庭科学省级特色实验室,山东济南250014 [2]山东政法学院司法鉴定中心,山东济南250014

出　　处：《中国法医学杂志》2024年第6期741-745,共5页Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2023MH350);山东省高校青年教师创新团队计划项目(2019KJE018)。

摘　　要：尸体检验是法医学的重要内容,谳狱之需要求尸体检验慎之又慎,而确定应检或免检是至关重要的一步。在司法检验法律化背景下,宋代依申请视情况决定尸体可免于检验,并根据死亡人员类型确定了免检范围及法律效用,避免死者虚被捞漉,既融情入法,提高司法成效,又设严制避免检验人员废弛怠惰应检不检,以实现共信成谳。宋代免检制度以检验之学回应社会与司法实际需求,背后蕴含着深刻的法理思考、人文关怀和积极的社会意义,对我国古代司法检验制度研究具有重要价值。Corpse examination is an important part of forensic medicine,and the need for conviction and trial requires careful examination of the body,and determining whether to be tested or exempted is a crucial step.In the context of legalization of judicial inspection,the Song Dynasty decided on the exemption of corpses from inspection based on the application of relatives,and determined the scope and legal effectiveness of exemption based on the type of deceased,to avoid the deceased being falsely manipulated.This not only integrated emotions into the law,improved judicial effectiveness,but also established strict regulations to prevent inspectors from being lazy and failing to inspect,in order to achieve mutual trust.The exemption from inspection system in the Song Dynasty responded to the practical needs of society and justice through the judicial inspection system,which contained profound legal thinking,humanistic care,and positive social significance.It has important value for the research of ancient judicial inspection system in China.

关 键 词：法医学史 宋代 尸体检验 免检 

分 类 号：D919.6[医药卫生—法医学]