商周时期古蜀文化区与中原文化区祭祀遗存的比较  

A Comparison on Sacrificial Remains between the Ancient Shu and Central Plains during Shang and Zhou Periods

作　　者：何晓歌 He Xiaoge

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国考古学研究中心 [2]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2024年第6期38-47,共10页Journal of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：商周时期的古蜀文化区与中原文化区在祭祀遗存中表现出不同的特征。古蜀文化区偏重以神权为核心的统治,鲜有军事活动的遗迹,而中原地区祭祀与军事并重。都城内存在集中祭祀区是古蜀文化区祭祀遗存的重要特点,非集中祭祀区与次级聚落内的祭祀遗存较少,而中原地区的祭祀活动与都城及次级聚落内的建筑、墓葬等多种遗迹相关联。祭祀所用器物方面,古蜀地区使用了大量铜、金、玉、象牙等珍贵材料,而中原则以陶器和牲畜为主。古蜀地区以太阳崇拜为核心,而中原的祭祀对象包括祖先和自然神。两者在天地沟通的观念上也存在差异,古蜀依赖宗教神职人员与动物伙伴的能力,而中原强调上帝与祖灵的作用。Compared with its congener remains in Central Plains cultural region,sacrificial remains of Shang and Zhou periods in ancient Shu cultural region have shown different features.While the Central Plains culture attached equal importance on sacrifice and military,divine authority was the core of governance of the ancient Shu cultural region,leaded to few remains of military activities.Another important feature of the latter was that sacrificial remains gathered in certain district of the capital,left only few exceptions in other districts or towns,while sacrificial activities in the Central Plains could be related to various relics such as buildings and tombs within both the capital city and secondary settlements.Regarding the sacrificial utensils,a large quantity of precious materials,such as bronze,gold,jade and ivory,were discovered in the ancient Shu region,while the Central Plains culture primarily used potteries and livestock.The worship of the sun was the core of the ancient Shu region's religion,while the Central Plains region regarded ancestors and nature deities as its sacrificial targets.On ideas about the communication between heaven and earth,the ancient Shu culture relied on the spiritual abilities from religious specialists and sacred animals,while the Central Plains culture emphasized the roles of the supreme deities and ancestral spirits.

关 键 词：祭祀遗存 古蜀文化区 中原文化区 宗教思想 三星堆遗址 金沙遗址 

分 类 号：K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]