景观要素对社区公园儿童活动空间夏季热环境的影响  

Impact of Landscape Elements on Summer Thermal Environment at Children's Play Spaces in Community Park

作　　者：欧阳金龙[1] 杨昕宜 高庆龙 Ouyang Jinlong;Yang Xinyi;Gao Qinglong(College of Architecture and Environment,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学建筑与环境学院,成都610065

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2024年第6期20-27,共8页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3802704)。

摘　　要：社区公园儿童活动空间是儿童户外活动的重要场所,但在炎热夏季其使用率普遍较低。针对这一问题,以成都市云朵乐园为例,通过实地热环境参数测试､表面温度测试､问卷访谈､儿童时空分布观察,探究景观要素对社区公园儿童活动空间夏季热环境的影响。结果表明:1)遮荫度较高(即遮荫度63%~86%)的乔木更能降低气温及黑球温度,遮荫度适中(即遮荫度35%~51%)的景观构筑物对相对湿度影响较小,靠近水体与盛行风向一侧及植物､景墙和建筑围合度低的空间风速更大,景观要素遮荫及水体营造能降低材料表面温度,自然材料､浅色材料热风险较低;2)遮荫度较高的乔木更能遮挡太阳辐射､改善热舒适度,但当气温大于38℃时,相对湿度是影响热舒适度的主要参数,此时需避免景观要素过度增湿;3)儿童的时间选择偏好受监护人影响,空间选择偏好具互动性景观要素的遮荫空间,并与气温､黑球温度､热舒适度关系较大。因此,近水设置遮荫度适中的景观构筑物､远水设置遮荫度较高的落叶乔木､增设具互动性设施的遮荫空间､增设低矮植物及水景､减少景观要素围合度高的空间､选择热风险低的景观要素材料等方法可改善社区公园儿童活动空间热环境,提高儿童户外活动热舒适度。Children's play spaces in community parks are important places for outdoor activities,but their usage rate is generally low during the hot summer months.To address this issue,a case study is conducted at Yun Duo Park in Chengdu.Through field measurements of thermal environmental parameters,surface temperature measurement,questionnaire surveys,and observations of children's spatiotemporal distribution,the study explores the impact of landscape elements on the summer thermal environment at children's play spaces in community parks.The results indicate that:1)Trees with higher shading(i.e.,shading degree at 63%-86%)are more effective in reducing air temperature and black globe temperature.Landscape structures with moderate shading(i.e.,shading degree at 35%-51%)have less impact on relative humidity.Spaces closed to water bodies,in prevailing wind directions and with lower plant density,landscape walls,and building enclosures tend to have higher wind speeds.Shading from landscape elements and the presence of water bodies can lower surface temperatures of materials,and the natural and light-colored materials have lower thermal risks;2)Trees with higher shading are more effective at blocking solar radiation and improving thermal comfort.However,when the air temperature exceeds 38℃,relative humidity becomes the main factor affecting thermal comfort.At this point,excessive humidity should be avoided for landscape elements;and 3)Children have their time preferences influenced by their guardians,and the shaded areas with interactive landscape elements are their spatial preferences.These preferences are strongly related to air temperature,black globe temperature,and thermal comfort.Hence,the ways for improving the thermal environment of children's play spaces in community parks and the thermal comfort of children's outdoor activities include placing landscape structures with moderate shading near water bodies,using deciduous trees with higher shading away from water bodies,adding shaded spaces with interactive facilities,

关 键 词：热舒适度 表面温度 户外活动 优化设计 社区公园 

分 类 号：TU9[建筑科学]