基于冷冻-微波法的污水净化试验研究  

Experimental Study on Sewage Purification Based on Freezing-Microwave Method

作　　者：吴雷 张博[1,2] 栗现文 胡亚鲜 王瑞琪 陈俊英 WU Lei;ZHANG Bo;LI Xian-wen;HU Ya-xian;WANG Rui-qi;CHEN Jun-ying(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;College of Soil&Water Conservation Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2025年第1期1-7,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(5279049,52279027);中国博士后科学基金项目(2020M673518)。

摘　　要：为探究冷冻-微波法净化污水水质效果,研究设计室内污水冻结成冰,结合微波快速解冻,按T1~T5时间段收集融出水试验。结果表明:(1)17 min的微波解冻可取代传统14.5 h的污水冰解冻。(2)T1+T2的微波处理,去除污水中59.18%和64.57%以上的理化指标含量和离子含量,同时色度、浑浊度、絮状沉淀也显著减少。(3)微波解冻17 min后的水产品中,TDS与总硬度浓度比最大仅0.16,总碱度、HPO_(3)、PO_(4)^(3-)、COD_(Mn)、SiO_(2)、H_2SiO_(3)的浓度在0.20~0.41之间;K^(+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、HCO_(3)^(-)-、NO_(3)^(-)浓度比仅在0.05~0.20之间;As的浓度接近0。(4)主成分分析结果显示,冷冻-微波法净化TDS及总阴离子净化效果最好,主成分综合得分Y分别为4.55和3.65。总体而言,结合冻融过程与微波快速解冻,可快速、高效地实现污水处理。In order to explore the effect of freezing-microwave method for purifying sewage quality,this study designed an experiment of indoor freezing wastewater,combined with microwave rapid thawing,and the melted water was collected at five times intervals(i.e.T1~T5).The results show that:①The microwave thawing of 17 min can completely melt the sewage ice,and the efficiency is much higher than that of the natural thawing process(14.5 h).②The microwave treatment of the first 8 min(T1+T2)melts 40%of the total water and removes more than 59.18%of the physical and chemical index content and 64.57%ion content in the sewage.The chromaticity,turbidity and yellow flocculent precipitation of sewage were significantly reduced.③In the final aquatic products obtained by microwave thawing for 17 min,the concentration ratio of total alkalinity,HPO_(3),PO_(4)^(3-),CODMn,SiO_(2) and H_(2)SiO_(3) is between 0.20 and 0.41,and the maximum concentration ratio of TDS to total hardness is only 0.16.The concentration ratio of eight conventional ions in K^(+),Na^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),HCO_(3)^(-)and NO_(3)^(-)wastewater is only between 0.05 and 0.20.The concentration of As is close to 0.④The results of principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the purification effect of TDS and total anions was the best when freezing-microwave method was used to purify sewage water,and the principal component comprehensive scores Y were 4.55 and 3.65,respectively.In general,combined with freeze-thaw process and microwave rapid thawing,sewage treatment can be realized quickly and efficiently.

关 键 词：微波 污水净化 冻融 浓度比 去除率 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]