灌区斗口测流设备自动除泥沙装置研究  

Research on Automatically Cleaning Silt device for flow Measuring Equipment in Branch of Irrigation Area

作　　者：张欣 张健[2] 翟林鹏 梁妙元 姚文才 ZHANG Xin;ZHANG Jian;ZHAI Lin-peng;LIANG Miao-yuan;YAO Wen-cai(Nanjing Jincode Smart Technology Company Limited,Nanjing 210046,Jiangsu Province,China;Jiangsu Rural Water Conservancy Science and Technology Development Center,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京津码智能科技有限公司,江苏南京210046 [2]江苏省农村水利科技发展中心,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2025年第1期144-148,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

摘　　要：我国西北地区年均降雨量小于400 mm,属于常年灌水区,没有灌溉就没有稳定的产量。其中从引黄灌区引入的水泥沙含量较高,在流速偏低的支渠和斗渠等,会形成泥沙堆积。当泥沙在渠道布设的测流设备和闸门测控系统中堆积到一定程度后,严重影响测流精度和闸门开度的感知。为了解决智慧灌区中对高泥沙含量水质测流设备的有效运用,提高小型渠道流量的精准测量,研究设计了一种超声波振动单元,可安放在斗口测流系统和测控一体化闸门中。该振动单元包括密封盒、金属盖板和线路板,密封盒设有一个顶口,金属盖板盖在密封盒的顶口上,线路板上设有信号接口电路、电源模块、延迟电路、PWM(脉冲宽度调制:Pulse Width Modulation)控制芯片、MOS管电路、漏电保护芯片、变压器电路、匹配电路和超声波换能器。振动单元工作时长和工作间隔受延时芯片控制,可通过控制接口的信号配置,MOSFET晶体管开合由PWM控制芯片控制,超声波频率由PWM频率控制。振动单元的控制集成在测流系统中,由该系统根据现场情况给出控制指令,分为固定和动态两种。该装置可根据泥沙堆积情况,自动开启振动清除堆积泥沙。样机在试验室中进行了实验,得到不同程度泥沙堆积情况下振动除沙的结果,验证了清除堆积泥沙的有效振动时长,并在宁夏现场进行了试用。试验结果表明,随着泥沙累积量的增加,超声波振动时长也会增加,在淤积厚度不超过30 mm时,启动超声波振动装置工作一次(3 min)就能有效清除淤积。The average annual rainfall in northwest China is less than 400 mm,which belongs to the perennial irrigation area.Without irrigation,there will be no stable yield.Among them,the mud and sand content of the Yellow River introduced from the Yellow River diversion irrigation area is relatively high,and sediment accumulation will be formed in the channels with low flow velocity in branch and lateral canals.When the sediment accumulates to a certain extent in the flow measuring equipment and gate measurement and control system of the channel,it will seriously affect the accuracy of flow measurement and the perception of gate opening.In order to solve the problem of effective application of water flow measuring equipment with high sediment content in smart irrigation areas and improve the accurate measurement of small canal flow,an ultrasonic vibration unit was designed,which can be placed in the flow measuring equipment and integrated gate of measurement and control.The vibration unit comprises a sealing box,a metal cover plate and a circuit board.The sealing box is provided with a top opening,and the metal cover plate is on the top opening of the sealing box.The circuit board is provided with a signal interface circuit,a power module,a delay circuit,a PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)control chip,a MOS transistor circuit,a leakage protection chip,a transformer circuit,a matching circuit and an ultrasonic transducer.The working time and working interval of the vibration unit are controlled by the delay chip,which can be configured by the signal of the control interface.The opening and closing of the MOSFET transistor is controlled by the PWM control chip,and the ultrasonic frequency is controlled by the PWM frequency.The control of the vibration unit is integrated in the flow measurement system,and the system gives control instructions according to the field situation,which can be divided into fixed and dynamic modes.The device can automatically turn on the vibration to remove the accumulated sediment according to the situa

关 键 词：测流设备 自动除积 智慧灌区 超声波振动单元 

分 类 号：TV149[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]