一种抗并行计算的公开可验证出块权的区块链共识机制  

Blockchain Consensus Mechanism with Publicly Verifiable Block Rights Against Parallel Computing

作　　者：李鹏 张明武 杨波[3] LI Peng;ZHANG Ming-Wu;YANG Bo(School of Computer Science and Information Security,Guilin University of Electronic Technology,Guilin 541004,China;School of Computer Science,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068,China;School of Computer Science,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林电子科技大学计算机与信息安全学院,桂林541004 [2]湖北工业大学计算机学院,武汉430068 [3]陕西师范大学计算机科学学院,西安710119

出　　处：《密码学报(中英文)》2024年第6期1370-1385,共16页Journal of Cryptologic Research

基　　金：湖北省重大研究计划(2023BAA027);国家自然科学基金委员会-广东联合基金重点项目(U2001205);国家自然科学基金(62072134);湖北省重点研发计划(2021BEA163);广西自然科学基金重点项目(2019JJD170020)。

摘　　要：共识机制是若干节点完成信息认证和同步并以此达成共识的重要手段.现有的共识机制通常都不能抗并行计算且具有中心化趋势,如工作量证明(proof of work,PoW)、权益证明(proof of stake,PoS).这就导致以获取出块奖励为目的的恶意挖矿造成大量资源浪费,尤其是电力资源,还影响区块链系统的安全.本文将可验证延迟函数引入共识机制,提出一种抗并行计算的公开可验证出块权的区块链共识机制.该机制利用安全哈希函数和可验证延迟函数的串行性,结合随机数使出块权的获得随机化,不依赖于算力.在这种情况下,增加算力和设备并不能更大概率获得出块权,因此,可以抵抗恶意挖矿和恶意挖矿攻击,避免资源浪费.找到一种实用的可验证延迟函数来编程实现该机制,确保其高效、稳定和安全的运行.最后,对该共识机制进行实验评估和安全性分析,将其与PoW、PoS等进行了共识过程比较和安全性比较.Consensus mechanism means that multiple nodes complete information authentication and synchronization to reach a consensus.Generally,existing consensus mechanisms cannot resist on parallel computing and have a tendency to be centralized,such as proof of work(PoW),proof of stake(PoS).This has led to malicious mining for the purpose of obtaining block rewards,causing a lot of waste of resources,especially power resources,and also affecting the security of the blockchain system.The verifiable delay function is introduced into this field,and a blockchain consensus mechanism is proposed that resists parallel computing and publicly verifies block rights.The secure hash function,the sequentiality of the verifiable delay function,and the random number are utilized in this mechanism to randomize the acquisition of block rights,making it independent of computing power.In this scenario,the probability of obtaining block rights cannot be increased by increasing computing power and equipment,therefore,malicious mining behavior becomes ineffective,and disappears with it.Thus,it can resist malicious mining and malicious mining attacks,avoid resource waste,and ensure the security of the blockchain system.A practical verifiable delay function is also carefully chosen to program and implement the proposed consensus mechanism,ensuring its efficient,stable,and safe operation.Finally,the consensus mechanism is experimentally evaluated,the security is analyzed,and its consensus process and security are compared with PoW,PoS,etc.

关 键 词：可验证延迟函数 共识机制 抗并行 安全哈希函数 区块链安全 

分 类 号：TP309.7[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]