“西學”的世界:俞樾的西方世界觀察  

A World of"Western Learning":Yu Yue's Observation on Western World

作　　者：張燕嬰 Zhang Yanying

机构地区：[1]中國國家圖書館《文獻》雜誌 [2]北京大學中國古文獻研究中心

出　　处：《中华文史论丛》2024年第4期311-346,411,412,共38页Journal of Chinese Literature and History

摘　　要：“西學”是包括西方物質文明、政治制度和思想覲念在内,常常具有近代化指向,而與中國傳統社會和傳統文化相對的概念。通過對俞樾一系列關涉“西學”主題的詩文、尺牘、筆記作品之繫年與本事的考證,揭橥他對於衆多“西學”物象,如“火輪船”、電報、照相技術、火車等的接受、適應、利用或拒斥;對若干從文獻中讀到的“西學”知識,如電鍍技術、西人水法、“地圆説”、“自由”、“平權”等的興趣、暸解、認同或反對C俞樾嘗試在中國古典知識或書藉中尋找與“西學”物象或知識産生對應的資源;特别是他的《告西士》和《詠古》兩題八首詩作,構成一種撖妙且複雜的中西方知識的速接關係,並呈現出其對中國古典治道資源的選揮。作爲清季社會精英的一員,俞樾對来自西方世界的“西學”知識的閲讀與器物的體認或評價,可作爲瞭解晚清知識體系變化進程中智識階層接受度的典型樣本。"Western Learning"is a concept in cluding western material civilization,political system and ideology,which often has the direction of modernization,and is opposed to Chinese traditional society and culture.Through the research of Yu Yue's series of poems,letters,and notes'annals and origins related to the theme about"Western Learning",it reflects his acceptance,adaptation,utilization or rejection of many objects about"Western Learning",such as steamboat,telegraphs,photographic technology,trains,etc.;it also shows his interest,realization,approval or opposition to some knowledge about""Western Learning""read in literature,such as electroplating technology,western methods of water conservancy,"the Doctrine of the Circle of the Earth","freedom"and"equal rights",etc.Yu Yue tries to find resources in Chinese classical knowledge or books corresponding to the objects about""Western Learning'or knowledge generation;in particular,his eight poems with the title of"Gao Xi Shi"(《告西士》)and"Yong Gu"(《咏古》),constitute a subtle and complex connection between CChineseand Western knowledge,and present his choice of resources for Chinese classical state governance.As a member of the social elites in the late Qing Dynasty,Yu Yue's reading of knowledge about"Western learning"and recognition and evaluation of the objects from the Western world could serve as a typical sample to understand the acceptance of the intellectual class in the process of change of knowledge system in the late Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：俞樾 西學 閱讀史 治道“復古” “封建” 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]