太阳能驱动反渗透技术用于海水淡化的研究进展  

Research Progress of Solar-driven Reverse Osmosis Technology Applied in Seawater Desalination

作　　者：高瑞 刘彩虹 周艺凡 刘乾亮 宋丹 何强[1] 马军 GAO Rui;LIU Cai-hong;ZHOU Yi-fan;LIU Qian-liang;SONG Dan;HE Qiang;MA Jun(Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment,College of Environmental and Ecology,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China;College Chemistry&Environment Engineering,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150040,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,School of Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学环境与生态学院三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400045 [2]哈尔滨理工大学化学与环境工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [3]哈尔滨工业大学环境学院城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2024年第24期33-39,共7页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52100024)。

摘　　要：反渗透(RO)海水淡化技术是解决水资源长期短缺问题的有效途径,尽管现在的研究已使反渗透效率逐步提高,但其仍是一个能源密集型过程,并且以化石燃料为海水淡化的驱动力会加快能源短缺、导致环境污染等问题。因此,将目前具有较大开拓空间和潜力的太阳能作为海水淡化的驱动力来打破传统海水淡化对化石燃料的依赖,降低运营成本,改善环境可持续性。以海水淡化技术的研究概况为基础,探讨了反渗透膜技术和太阳能在海水淡化领域的应用现状,进一步聚焦目前太阳能驱动反渗透技术的前沿领域,如光伏反渗透海水淡化系统、有机朗肯循环驱动反渗透海水淡化系统和混合式太阳能反渗透海水淡化系统等主流太阳能-反渗透耦合海水淡化技术,详细探讨了这些技术的研究进展、原理与特点、面临的挑战与困难,并对未来研究工作提出建议和展望。Reverse osmosis(RO)desalination technology is an effective solution to the persistent issue of long-term water scarcity.Although the current research has gradually improved the efficiency of reverse osmosis,it is still an energy-intensive process and fossil fuels as the driving force of desalination will accelerate energy shortages and lead to environmental pollution.Alternatively,solar energy,which currently abundant in potential,can be used as a driving force for desalination,thereby reducing dependence on fossil fuels,lowering operational costs,and promoting environmental sustainability.This paper firstly briefly introduces the research overview of seawater desalination technology,and explores the application of reverse osmosis membrane technology alongside solar energy in the field of seawater desalination.It subsequently delves into cutting-edge developments in solar-driven reverse osmosis technology,mainly targeting on the mainstream solar-reverse osmosis coupled desalination technologies,including photovoltaic-reverse osmosis desalination system,organic Rankine cycle driving reverse osmosis desalination system and hybrid solar-reverse osmosis desalination system.This paper discusses in detail their research progress,principles and characteristics,and challenges and difficulties.Additionally,relevant suggestions and prospects for future research work are also proposed.

关 键 词：海水淡化 反渗透 太阳能 光伏 有机朗肯循环 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]