构建现代国家认同:清季民初梁启超“新史学”理念的现实旨归  

Building Modern National Identity:The Realistic Purpose of Liang Qichao′s Idea of“New Historiography”in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

作　　者：赵刘洋 Zhao Liuyang

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《天府新论》2025年第1期101-108,158,共9页New Horizons from Tianfu

基　　金：国家社会科学基金高校思想政治理论课研究专项课题“海外中共学融入思想政治理论课教学研究”(编号:21VSZ145)。

摘　　要：梁启超对传统史学进行批判性重构,目的是要构建现代国家认同,而构建现代国家认同的关键在于同时塑造国民的责任意识和理性意识。由于维护君主专制的传统史学无法实现这一目的,梁启超希望重构史学范畴:“新史学”关注的对象是“群体”而非个体;“新史学”以进化的视角看待历史、重构中国过去;“新史学”从群体进化中寻求公理,将认识过去和改造现实紧密连接,增强人们对构建强大的现代国家的信心;“新史学”以理性精神辨别真伪,将史学从君主专制体制中解放出来。构建现代国家认同观念既是“新史学”的现实旨归,也是理解梁启超思想的关键。Liang Qichao′s critical reconstruction of traditional historiography aims to build modern nation⁃al identity.The key to build modern national identity is to shape the sense of responsibility and rational con⁃sciousness of the people at the same time.Because this purpose could not be achieved by traditional historiog⁃raphy which maintains autocracy,Liang Qichao hoped to reconstruct the category of historiography at the onto⁃logical level:“New Historiography”focuses on“groups”rather than individuals;“New Historiography”views history and reconstructs China′s past from the perspective of evolution;“New Historiography”seeks the universally acknowledged truth from group evolution,closely connects the understanding of the past with the transformation of reality,and enhances people′s confidence in building a powerful modern country;“New His⁃toriography”distinguishes the true from the false with the rational spirit and liberates historiography from the autocratic monarchy.The construction of modern national identity is not only the realistic purpose of“New His⁃toriography”,but also the key to understand Liang Qichao′s thought.

关 键 词：新史学 现代国家认同 梁启超 群体 理性 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]