林则徐外购“剑桥”号商船与中英广州乌涌之战  

Lin Zexu's"Cambridge"Merchant Ship in the Anglo-Chinese Battle of Wuchong in Guangzhou

作　　者：刘鸿亮 LIU Hongliang

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学马克思主义学院,471003

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2024年第6期28-34,177,共8页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：国家哲学社科基金重大项目“中国东南海海洋史研究·海疆海域史”(19ZDA189);河南省高校哲学社科基础研究重大项目“技术史视野中的近代中国海军‘盛衰史’研究”(2023-JCZD-12)的结项成果。

摘　　要：林则徐在短暂的广东任期内,引进了西方较为先进的风帆战船,提升了广东水师的作战能力。1841年2月,在广州黄埔附近的乌涌炮台,中英两国军队发生激烈战斗。林则徐所引进并改造的风帆战船,未能发挥出预期的战斗力,致使清军遭受了惨重的损失。乌涌战役规模不大,在鸦片战争中并不占据显著地位,但中国外购最大洋船被侵略军炸沉的事件,象征着中国在“师夷长技”道路上遭遇的困境。同时,这一事件也标志着中国开始从物质层面尝试融入世界近代化的潮流,开启了一段艰难的探索历程。During Lin Zexu's brief tenure in Guangdong,he skillfully used the network of overseas Chinese merchants to successfully introduce more advanced western firearms-foreign guns,as well as several high-performance sailing ships.This strategy greatly improved the combat capability of the Guangdong Naval Division and laid a solid foundation for it to play a key role in the military confrontation between China and Britain.On February 27,1841,a fierce battle broke out between Chinese and British troops at Wuchong Fort near Whampoa,Guangzhou.Unfortunately,the American merchant ship"Chesapeake"(originally named"Cambridge")introduced and reformed by Lin Zexu,although before the war it had been carefully renovated as the country's largest sailing ship in tonnage,in this battle failed to play the expected combat effectiveness,resulting in the heavy losses of the Qing army.The Battle of Wuchong was not large in scale and did not occupy a significant position in the Opium War,but the incident of the largest ocean ship purchased by China was sunk by the invading army,symbolizing the difficulties encountered by the imperial Dynasty on the road of""mastering the skills of the enemy to control the enemy".At the same time,this humiliating event also marked the beginning of China's attempts to integrate itself into the world's modernization trend on a material level,and the beginning of a difficult journey of exploration.

关 键 词：林则徐 华侨商人 “剑桥”号商船 广州乌涌之战 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]