城市历史街区景观特征识别与分区方法优化  

Optimization of Identification and Zoning Method for Landscape Characters of Urban Historic Districts

作　　者：云翃 胡紫萱 胡泽浩 YUN Hong;HU Zixuan;HU Zehao(the School of Design,South China University of Technology;the School of Architecture&Urban Planning,Shenzhen University)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学设计学院 [2]深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2025年第1期114-123,共10页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：广州市哲学社会科学发展“十四五”规划羊城青年学人课题“广州保持历史文化和时代特色共生的岭南城市特色风貌研究:历史街区的活态保护模式”(编号2022GZQN48);广州市科技计划项目基础与应用基础研究专题一般项目“广州老城区存量城市森林空间布局的优化研究”(编号2023A04J1592);广东省哲学社会科学规划2023年度学科共建项目“强化岭南文化因子的城市历史街区景观特征识别与活化利用研究”(编号GD23XLN31)。

摘　　要：[目的]城市历史街区主要由高密度的建筑构成,但大多建筑风貌杂糅、街区特征不明确。准确提炼历史街区的风貌特征并划定分区,是后续规划设计的重要依据。[方法]以历史层积性为线索,结合景观基因理论和历史景观特征评估(historic landscape characterisation, HLC)方法,构建精细识别城市历史街区建筑的历史景观特征与分区的技术体系。1)从5个方面对景观基因理论进行优化:强化建筑基因的历史层积分析;调整建筑基因识别原则;完整执行二元基因识别;建立建筑基因的一般分类体系;强化二元基因的关联分析。2)借助K-means聚类算法优化HLC的分区方法。3)以广州泮塘历史街区为例阐述该方法的具体操作。[结果]泮塘历史街区的发展被分为4个历史时期,经历了16种建筑形制的演替,共识别出相互关联的38个显性基因和23个隐性基因。依据K-means聚类算法的空间聚类结果划分出5个历史景观特征分区。[结论]提出的优化方法能有效提取历史街区的建筑特征,并依据建筑基因分布推导历史层积倾向分布,实现历史景观特征分区。该方法完善了历史街区更新改造的认知角度与技术方法。[Objective]With the shift of urban development mode from“incremental expansion”to“stock renewal”in China,the renovation of urban historic districts has become the main work of urban planning and landscape architecture.Urban historic districts are primarily composed of high-density buildings.However,due to the hybridity of architectural styles and puzzling characters of historic districts,the past renovation usually uses a certain traditional architectural style to regularize all spaces,which destroys the rich historic connotation and potential of tourism development of urban historic districts.Accurately extracting the architectural characters and delineating the zoning of historic landscape characters of urban historic districts is an important basis for subsequent planning and design.[Methods]With historical layering as a clue,this research proposes a technical system for the renovation of high-density urban historic districts,which combines landscape gene theory,historic landscape characterisation(HLC)and urban historic landscape(HUL).Based on this,this research optimizes the landscape gene theory for the buildings of urban historic districts by:1)Strengthening the historic layering analysis of architectural gene;2)adjusting the identification principles of architectural genes by not only adding a new principle of geographical representation,but also justifying the weight between principles;3)implementing the binary identification of both architectural genes and recessive genes;4)establishing a general classification system for architectural genes and recessive genes,with the new classification system involving three levels,of which the architectural genes and the recessive genes are respectively divided into six and seven subitems;5)strengthening the correlation analysis of the binary genes.By this way,recessive genes,which do not have spatial attribution,can be mapped into space.Then the research utilizes K-means clustering algorithm to optimize the zoning method for historic landscape characters.Fin

关 键 词：城市历史街区 改造更新 景观基因 历史层积 历史景观特征评估 广州泮塘 

分 类 号：TU984.14[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]