明长城军事河防空间格局解析——以黄河山西段为例  

Analysis of the Spatial Pattern of Military River Defense on the Ming Great Wall:A Case Study of the Shanxi Section of the Yellow River

作　　者：王天莲 李哲[1,2] WANG Tianlian;LI Zhe(the School of Architecture,Tianjin University;the Key Laboratory of Information Technology for the Inheritance of Architectural Cultural Heritage,Ministry of Culture and Tourism,Tianjin University)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院 [2]天津大学“建筑文化遗产传承信息技术”文化和旅游部重点实验室

出　　处：《风景园林》2025年第1期124-132,共9页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项“中西比较视野下长城体系化布局研究”(编号23VJXG029)。

摘　　要：[目的]河防是明长城军事防御体系建设中的重要环节,以黄河为防御前线的河防空间格局充分体现了古人因地制宜、因势利险、用险制塞的营建智慧。对河防空间格局的解析可完善长城防御体系的理论构建,充分整合长城与黄河的多重资源价值。[方法]通过梳理史籍文献、实地调查遗产资源、使用低空无人机航测采集图像数据生成实景三维模型,结合历史航片等多源数据,对明长城军事河防空间格局进行解析,并借助ArcGIS平台对河防空间地理分布特征进行量化分析。[结果]研究发现:1)河防空间在明长城防御体系之下,重点加强了边墙系统、军事聚落、烽传系统的建设,以承担沿河御敌、据点设防、信息传递三大核心功能;2)军事防御设施依据地理形胜可分为3种空间分布模式:高地——因山设险,依山据守;平地——封锁河岸,设墙据守;河口——扼守河谷,重点防御;3)城防设施与边墙节点设施针对河防需求做出了适应性改变,包括增扩角台以正面御敌,边墙设置关口及水门以控制水路。[结论]明代河防空间的建设在复杂的水环境与军事防御需求的影响下,形成了从河道向腹地逐层递进的军事防御网络,并巧妙利用自然地形环境构建防御格局。揭示了长城军事河防空间建设与河流水系自然环境要素高度耦合关系,对于推动以河防空间为依托的长城与黄河国家文化公园整体性建设和系统性展示利用具有重要参考意义。[Objective]River defence plays a vital role in the development of the Ming Great Wall’s military defence system.The spatial arrangement of river defence,represented by the Yellow River defence,embodies the ancient practice of adapting to local conditions,optimizing resource utilization,and transforming challenges into the guide of construction.This research takes river as a focal point to investigate the intricate relationship between the water system and military defence system.The analysis of the spatial pattern of river defense can improve the theoretical framework of the Great Wall defense system,thus fully integrating the multiple resource values of the Great Wall and the Yellow River.[Methods]The quantitative analysis is conducted using the ArcGIS geographic information platform,involving the review of historical documents,the field investigation of existing sites,the utilization of drones for low-altitude image data collection for purpose of generating 3D real scene model,and the integration of historical aerial films and other multi-source data.The specific methodology comprises two key components:Firstly,analyzing the constituent elements of the defense system of river defence space and summarizing their functional attributes based on the theoretical framework of the Ming Great Wall’s military defence;secondly,summarizing the spatial distribution characteristics of river defence elements by incorporating changes in geographic location,hydrology,environment,and other natural factors.Indicators such as elevation,slope,and distribution distance are extracted to analyze the spatial characteristics of river defense under varying conditions.Then,the spatial distribution characteristics of the defense system in different modes were quantified.Ultimately,historical aerial films and real 3D point cloud data are utilized to reproduce the original appearance of defence facilities at river defence nodes.[Results]Research results are summarized as follows.1)In terms of the composition of element systems,the milit

关 键 词：遗产保护 明长城 军事防御 河防 空间格局 国家文化公园 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]