改良基质对煤矿区土壤理化性质的优化  

Optimization of Improved Substrates on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Coal Mining Areas

作　　者：陈花[1] 刘娜 姚晓倩 刘拉香 李强[1,2] CHEN Hua;LIU Na;YAO Xiaoqian;LIU Laxiang;LI Qiang(College of Life Sciences,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Northern Shaanxi Mining Area,Yulin 719000,China)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林719000 [2]陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2025年第1期90-100,共11页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省教育厅2022年度重点科研计划(22JS046);2022年榆林市科技局产学研项目(CXY-2022-62);国家自然科学基金(32060027)。

摘　　要：煤炭资源的大量开采造成土地资源严重破坏,为了改良矿区土壤,以榆林市某煤矿区土壤为试样,设置空白对照(CK1)、5%煤气化渣(CK2)、5%煤气化渣与平菇菌渣配施、5%煤气化渣与玉米秸秆生物炭配施、5%煤气化渣+平菇菌渣+玉米秸秆生物炭配施,共计13个处理,测定处理后土壤的理化性质,并运用主成分分析法对改良效果进行综合评价,以筛选矿区土壤改良的有效配方。结果表明,与CK1相比,CK2处理的土壤毛管持水性、孔隙度、pH值、碱解氮含量分别增加12.32%、0.92%、21.41%、12.89%,有机质含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量、含盐量分别显著降低76.52%、39.56%、26.85%、25.12%。与CK2处理相比,5%煤气化渣与平菇菌渣配施、5%煤气化渣与玉米秸秆生物炭配施、5%煤气化渣+平菇菌渣+玉米秸秆生物炭处理均能有效改善土壤理化性质,其中,矿区土壤中施入5%煤气化渣+30%平菇菌渣+10%生物炭后,土壤容重、密度和土壤含盐量均显著降低;土壤田间持水量、有机质含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量和碱解氮含量显著增加。主成分分析发现,5%煤气化渣+30%平菇菌渣+10%生物炭处理对煤矿区土壤改良效果最佳。The massive exploitation of coal resources has caused serious damage to land resources,in order to improve the soil in the mining area,in this study,the soil in a coal mining area in Yulin city was used as a sample,and a total of 13 treatments were set up,such as blank control(CK1),5%of coal gasification slag(CK2),5%of coal gasification slag and spent mushroom substrate,5%of coal gasification slag and corn straw biochar,and 5%coal gasification slag+spent mushroom substrate+corn straw biochar.The physical and chemical properties of the treated soil were measured.The improvement effect was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis,and the effective soil improvement formula in mining areas was selected.The results showed that compared with CK1,the capillary water capacity,porosity,pH,and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of the soil treated with CK2 increased by 12.32%,0.92%,21.41%,and 12.89%,respectively,and the organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium,and salt content significant decreased by 76.52%,39.56%,26.85%,and 25.12%,respectively.Compared with the CK2 treatment,the combined application of 5%of coal gasification residue and spent mushroom substrate,5%of coal gasification residue and corn straw biochar,and the combined application of 5%of coal gasification residue+spent mushroom substrate+corn straw biochar could all effectively improved the physical and chemical properties of soil.Among them,compared with the CK2 treatment,after applying 5%of coal gasification residue+30%of spent mushroom residue+10%of biochar to the soil in the mining area,the soil bulk density,specific gravity,and soil salt content were significantly reduced.The soil field capacity,the contents of organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium,and alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen increased significantly.According to principal component analysis,the treatment of 5%of coal gasification residue+30%of spent mushroom residue+10%of biochar had the best effect on soil improvement in coal mining areas.

关 键 词：煤气化渣 食用菌菌渣 生物炭 主成分分析 煤矿区土壤 理化性质 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]