数字冲击下异质性劳动力空间再配置与经济福利  

Heterogeneous Labor Spatial Reallocation and Economic Welfare under the Shock of Digital Capital

作　　者：徐邵军 刘修岩[1] 周君婷 XU Shao-jun;LIU Xiu-yan;ZHOU Jun-ting(School of Economics and Management,Southeast University)

机构地区：[1]东南大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2024年第11期24-42,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新发展格局下长三角一体化大市场研究”(批准号22&ZD066);国家社会科学基金青年项目“共同富裕目标下异质性劳动力流动的机制与福利效应研究”(批准号23CJL027);中国博士后科学基金面上项目“异质性劳动力流动、要素空间配置与地区经济差距——基于动态量化空间均衡的研究”(批准号2023M740614)。

摘　　要：伴随着人口红利优势消失,劳动力迁移弹性对劳动力空间供给的作用持续减弱。如何发展数字经济,进而充分挖掘劳动力供给潜力、促进劳动力空间迁移,已成为强化劳动与创新要素互补、提升劳动力空间配置效率,并最终实现共同富裕亟须解决的问题。本文构建包含异质性劳动力与数字资本双层嵌套的量化空间均衡模型,从数字要素与劳动要素替代、互补的层面,揭示了劳动力空间再配置以及劳动技能结构空间分布的内在机理,并发现劳动力供给对数字冲击的反应存在空间异质性。进一步对因数字资本和异质性劳动力替代、互补关系改变带来的福利效应进行量化评估发现,数字资本与非技能型劳动力之间的替代程度增强,尽管能够提升技能型劳动力的均衡效用,但不利于提升非技能型劳动力的均衡效用,导致经济增长萎缩;对于城市如何因地制宜地发展数字产业,大城市应注重产业结构配置的相对完整,避免一味地替代简单劳动力,而中小城市应更加注重发展创新产业来提升数字资本密集度。此外,基于2005年、2015年全国1%人口抽样调查微观数据的实证检验发现,目前中国数字产业布局决定的要素配置特征对促进弱势群体就业的正向作用更为明显。本文认为,需要尊重城市特征,结合城市劳动力禀赋和技能结构,以促进要素互补为原则选择适宜的数字产业布局模式,因地制宜地发展新质生产力。With the disappearance of the demographic dividend advantage of infinite labor supply elasticity and the continuous decline of the impact of labor migration elasticity on labor spatial supply,how to develop new quality productive forces represented by the digital economy,fully tap into the potential of labor supply,promote labor spatial migration,has become an urgent issue to strengthen the complementarity of labor and innovation factors,improve labor spatial allocation efficiency,and ultimately achieve common prosperity.This paper constructs a quantitative spatial equilibrium model and reveals the mechanisms of labor spatial reconfiguration from the perspective of digital capital and labor factor substitution and complementarity.This paper finds that spatial heterogeneity exists in the response of labor supply to local digital shocks.Further quantitative analysis reveals that as substitution between digital capital and unskilled labor enhances,although it can improve the equilibrium utility of skilled labor,it is not conducive to improving that of unskilled labor and will restrain economic growth.Regarding how cities develop digital industries according to local conditions,big cities should pay attention to the relatively complete industrial structure configuration and avoid blindly replacing simple labor.In contrast,small and medium-sized cities should pay more attention to developing innovative industries to enhance digital capital intensity.Besides,the empirical test shows that the improvement in digital efficiency in China can effectively enhance the efficiency of labor spatial migration,especially has a significantly positive impact on stabilizing the employment of vulnerable groups.This paper has the following contributions.First of all,it deepens theoretical research on the relationship between digital capital and the spatial distribution of urban population.This paper reveals the mechanism of digital factors influencing the spatial reconfiguration of heterogeneous labor and provides corresponding quantit

关 键 词：数字互补 劳动力空间再配置 技能空间分布 量化空间均衡模型 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]