人工智能赋能高校科学研究范式创新:价值、风险与进路  

Empowering Innovation in Scientific Research Paradigms at Higher Education Institutions with Artificial Intelligence:Value,Risks and Approaches

作　　者：赵晓伟 王小雨 王艺蓉 沈书生[1] ZHAO Xiaowei;WANG Xiaoyu;WANG Yirong;SHEN Shusheng(College of Educational Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,南京210097

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2025年第1期9-20,共12页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新一代人工智能对教育的影响研究”(VGA230012);认知智能国家重点实验室智能教育开放课题“新一代人工智能促进教育管理变革与政策创新”(iED2021-M002)。

摘　　要：高校是科学研究的主阵地,是基础研究与重大科技突破的主力军,肩负着加快形成新质生产力的重要使命。在新一轮科技革命浪潮下,人工智能技术在科学研究中的广泛应用与深度融合,不仅重塑了科学研究的基本过程,更引领着科学研究范式向智能科学研究范式转型。从逻辑实证主义视角出发,探讨人工智能赋能高校科学研究范式创新的多重价值,包括增强科学研究中的数据采集、加速科学假设的生成与验证、实现实验模拟与自动化,以及激发科学洞察与创意涌现,有助于理解AI赋能科学研究范式的价值和深远影响。基于此,审视当前科研范式转型过程中遭遇的诸多挑战与风险,包括人的边缘化风险(“人在旁路”现象)、数据偏见与误导性主张的双重困境(“数据陷阱”问题)、算法透明度的缺失(“算法黑箱”问题)以及由此引发的信任危机等,高校在科学研究范式转型中应紧密依托新一轮科技变革,植根中国科学研究实践土壤,立足已有范式寻求创变,探索一条符合我国国情且具有鲜明中国特色的高校科学研究道路。具体来讲,应加强跨学科合作与协同创新、规范数据使用标准、推动可解释性AI的发展,建立健全科研伦理审查机制,为科研范式创新提供坚实的理论支撑与行动指南。Colleges and universities are the main battlefield of scientific research.As the main force of basic research and major scientific and technological breakthroughs,university researchers shoulder the important mission of accelerating the formation of new quality productivity.Under the wave of the new round of scientific and technological revolution,artificial intelligence technology is widely applied and deeply integrated in various aspects of scientific research,not only reshaping the basic process of scientific research,but also leading the transformation of scientific research paradigm to the intelligent science research paradigm.From the perspective of logical positivism,exploring the multiple values of AI empowering innovation in scientific research paradigms in universities,including enhancing data collection in scientific research,accelerating the generation and verification of scientific hypotheses,achieving experimental simulation and automation,and stimulating scientific insights and creativity,can help understand the value and profound impact of AI empowering scientific research paradigms.Based on this,the challenges and risks encountered in the current transformation of scientific research paradigms were exmined,including the risk of human marginalization(the phenomenon of“human-on-the-side”),the dual dilemma of data bias and misleading claims(the“data trap”issue),the lack of algorithm transparency(the“algorithm black box”issue),and the resulting crisis of trust.Universities should closely rely on the new round of technological changes in the transformation of scientific research paradigms,root themselves in the soil of Chinese scientific research practice,seek innovation based on existing paradigms,and explore a scientific research path that is in line with China’s national conditions and has distinct Chinese characteristics.Specifically,it is necessary to strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation and collaborative innovation,standardize data usage standards,promote the development of int

关 键 词：科学研究范式 智能科学研究范式 人工智能 数据陷阱 信任危机 

分 类 号：G644[文化科学—高等教育学]