大学层级化何以形塑自我位置感--基于某地方高校本科生的纵向民族志研究  

How the Stratification of Higher Education Shapes the Sense of One’s Place:Based on a Longitudinal Ethnographic Study of Undergraduate Students at a Chinese University

作　　者：汪卫平 袁晶[2] 王治森 WANG Weiping;YUAN Jing;WANG Zhisen(Institute of China Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;Institute for Cooperation and Development,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310030,China;School of Education,Indiana University,Bloomington 47405,USA)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学中国创新创业教育研究院/浙江省哲学社会科学研究基地,杭州311121 [2]浙江大学共享与发展研究院,杭州310030 [3]印第安纳大学教育学院,布卢明顿47405

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2025年第1期70-81,共12页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：杭州师范大学经亨颐教育学院教学学术项目“何种课堂更能提升师范生研究性学习能力:基于杭师大本科生的实证考察”。

摘　　要：相比于重点大学和高职专科,处于中间位置的地方普通本科高校的学生似乎更是学术和舆论的双重透明体。借鉴教育自传和纵向民族志的研究范式,基于对某综合性地方本科高校的长期质性研究考察(2021—2024),整合了布迪厄及后继者关注的“位置感”概念和批判教育学者主张的“符应原则”的核心框架,试图对地方普通本科高校本科生自我位置的认知进行考察。研究发现,大部分学生均明确或隐性建构出了“中等/普通学生”的自我叙事。对其解释性描述话语主要涉及权利等级化和社会比较两种机制。面对学校等级结构的影响,他们有敏感的心理和早期的负面经历,自我调适与内心和解并存。更重要的是,他们接受了院校分层的游戏规则,被院校等级制影响下努力的叙事所驯化。学校所处的高等教育结构位置及其文化体系与学生个体自身的位置感认知形成映射关系,虽有另类案例,但大学层级化基本上烙印了不同层次的学生认知,并演变为被社会长期忽视的隐形机制和优绩主义秩序常态。Compared to students from elite universities and local universities,students from non-elite universities seem to be doubly invisible in both academic and public discourse.Drawing on the research paradigms of educational autobiography and longitudinal ethnography,and based on long-term qualitative research(2021—2024)at a comprehensive local college,the researcher integrates the core frameworks of Bourdieu’s notion of“sense of place”and critical education scholars’principle of“correspondence”.This study seeks to examine the self-perception of students at local universities.The research finds that most students explicitly or implicitly construct a self-narrative of being“average/ordinary students”.Their explanatory discourses mainly revolve around two mechanisms:hierarchical power and social comparison.Faced with the influence of institutional stratification,they exhibit a combination of psychological sensitivity,early negative experiences,self-adjustment,and internal reconciliation.More importantly,they accept the rules of the institutional stratification game and are tamed by narratives of effort influenced by the institutional hierarchy.The structural position of a college within the higher education system and its cultural framework map onto students’perceptions of their own sense of place.While exceptions exist,the hierarchical nature of universities largely shapes students’perceptions across different levels,evolving into an often-overlooked mechanism and a normalized meritocratic order within society.

关 键 词：中等学生 地方普通本科 精英大学 教育自传 纵向质性研究 

分 类 号：G644[文化科学—高等教育学]